专业英语四级模拟试卷284(题后含答案及解析)

专业英语四级模拟试卷284 (题后含答案及解析)

题型有：1. DICTATION 2. LISTENING COMPREHENSION 3. CLOZE 4. GRAMMAR & VOCABULARY 5. READING COMPREHENSION 6. WRITING

PART I DICTATION (15 MIN)Directions: Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be read at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be read at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given 2 minute

1．

正确答案： Wedding Tradition The wedding tradition of “something old,/ something new,/ something borrowed,/ something blue”/ has been around for hundreds of years./ Many brides have been asked/ on their respective wedding days/ if they have gathered something old, new, borrowed and blue/ to carry with them/ as they walk down the aisle./ The tradition of carrying or wearing one of each item/ is said to bring luck and fortune/ to the newly married couple./ Have you ever stopped to think/ what the saying really means./ What is its origin/ and what does each item represent./ Some brides are more traditional than other/ and may take a great deal of care/ in selecting one item for each category./ It may be traditional for the women in their families/ to wear the same piece of jewelry./ Other brides aren’t bound by tradition/ but still may choose to carry out the custom/ at someone else’s request./ If they don’t want to carry numerous items,/ they may simply carry two handkerchiefs in a small beaded bag.

PART II LISTENING COMPREHENSION (20 MIN)Directions: In Sections A, B and C you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your answer sheet.

SECTION A CONVERSATIONSDirections: In this section you will hear several conversations. Listen to the conversations carefully and then answer the questions that follow.

听力原文：M: Today, I am interviewing 15-year-old Alex about her feelings on how people can help save the environment. So, Alex, how can we save the environment? F: By saving water. M: Well, how can we do that? F: By not using too much water when we wash dishes, take a bath, and when we do other things, like watering the plants outside. M: Oh, I think I can do that. What else? F: When drinking

or eating something outside, you should keep the garbage until you find a trashcan to put it in because littering make our planet dirty. Do you like seeing trash all over the ground? M: No, I don’t. Do you have any final suggestions? F: Yes. We shouldn’t waste paper because trees are being cut down to make the paper. By recycling paper, we save the forests where animals live. M: So, how can children recycle paper, I mean, everyday? F: Well, for example, when I was in kindergarten, I used to save the newspapers so that I could make use of them instead of just throwing them away. Now, the children in our neighborhood collect newspapers once a month to take them to a recycling center. M: That is great. Well thanks Alex for your ideas.

2． What is the name of the girl being interviewed? A．Alice. B．Ellen. C．Alex. D．Emma.

正确答案：C

解析：对话一开始就提到今天被采访的人是一个15岁的名叫Alex的女孩，她会告诉大家自己对于怎样保护环境的一些想法。

3． She says we should save water when_____. A．washing cars B．cleaning clothes C．taking a bath

D．washing fruits and vegetables

正确答案：C

解析：四个选项都需要节约用水，但题目是问Alex在采访中提到的在哪些情况下需要节约用水。Alex有提到洗碗、洗澡、浇花等，可见只有C选项是Alex有提到的。

4． The girl’s second suggestion is about_____. A．separating different types of garbage B．disposing of trash properly C．having a family clean-up party D．disposing of batteries properly

正确答案：B

解析：听对话前，查看四个选项，我们可以知道这个题目是关于垃圾处理问题的，Alex在对话中提到在外面吃东西的时候，要记得把垃圾丢到垃圾桶。而不是随地乱扔；对于一些可回收利用的垃圾你可以把他们送到废品回收站去。可见Alex的第二个建议是要合理地处置垃圾。

听力原文：M: Mrs. Hobson, would you please describe some of things you do with aggressive children in this special school? F: Well, you must realize that when he

comes here he is meeting other aggressive children, and aggressive children all together usually sum each other up. M: Uhum. F: And they find that aggressive here doesn’t pay off because you will be pretty sure there’s one tougher and worse than he is. M: Uhum.F: So I usually, sometimes, have organized fights. M: Organized fights? You actually... F: We have a ring and we have a bell. M:’ A boxing ring? F: Yes. They must conform, they must keep to the rules, and when they have either lost or won, we discuss after what it is to be the winner and what it is like to lose. And we carry on with our discussion and go on to what it is like in life. M: Umm.F: We must win or lose and we must do each very gracefully. M: Would you please describe some children you have had problems with? F: I had one boy who cut off his dog’s ear. M: Really?F: Yes. Then put a stone around his neck and drowned him. M: The dog? F: Yes, and there was another boy that used to attack me...

5． A particular way to deal with aggressive children is to_____. A．give them severe punishments B．tell them to behave themselves C．organize them to fight

D．send some of them to prison

正确答案：C

解析：通读所有题目可知这段对话是关于如何对付那些具有攻击性的小孩。对话中提到一所特殊学校，里面的学生都是具有攻击性的，为了治疗他们的攻击性，学校会组织一些类似于拳击的比赛来让他们明白遵守规则的重要性。

6． The boxing competition was to_____. A．train them to be professional boxers B．teach them to follow rules

C．give them some physical exercise D．cultivate their sense of competition

正确答案：B

解析：组织拳击比赛的目的就是教会这些学生如何遵守规则(they must keep to the rules)。

7． What did one of the problem boy mentioned firstly do? A．He killed his cat.

B．He cut off his dog’s ears. C．He hurt another boy. D．He blinded his cat.

正确答案：B 解析：对话中女士第一个提到的问题男孩曾将自己小狗的耳朵剁下，再在小狗脖子上吊了块石头，将小狗溺死了。

听力原文：M: I’d like a haircut, please.F: Would you care for a shave and a shampoo as well?M: No, thanks. A haircut will be just fine.F: All right. How do you like your hair cut?M: Don’t cut it too short on the sides and the back. Just trim it a little.F: How about on top?M: You can thin the top out a little, but just a little.F: Very well.M: Say, my hair is kind of oily, and dandruff bothers me very much. I’ve tried several shampoos in vain. Can you recommend me something effective?F: Well, have you tried Head And Shoulders? It’s supposed to be good for the dandruff.M: I’ll try it.F: And you can try Vidal Sassoon’s hair tonic. It’s used after you wash your hair. It’ll keep your hair clean-looking and oil-free.M: I’ll try that, too. Thank you, barber.F: It’s done. That will be five dollars and thirty cents.

8． What did not the man require? A．A haircut. B．Cutting short.

C．Shampoo and shave.

D．Trimming the sides and the back a little.

正确答案：C

解析：对话中理发师问：“需要刮脸(shave)和洗头发(shampoo)吗?”顾客说：“谢谢了，不用。”A、D选项在对话中有对应的句子。B选项的cutting short虽然没有直接提出，但是对话中一开始提到haircut，根据日常经验，就可以推理出要剪短一点；另外对话中也有“Don’t cut it too short”也暗示了要剪短。

9． Why did the man ask the woman to recommend something for him? A．Because he was losing his hair. B．Because his hair was too dry.

C．Because his hair was oily and dandruff troubled him. D．Because he wanted to change his shampoos.

正确答案：C 解析：C选项在对话中有直接对应的句子，而A、B选项根本没有相关内容，可以直接排除。D选项也许会干扰选择，虽然对话中男人请求理发师介绍效对多油多头屑有效的洗发水，有点要换洗发水的意思，但根本原因是为了解决头发多油多头屑的问题，才叫理发师介绍。

10． Which one is not true?

A．The woman recommended two products. B．The woman suggested that the man use Vidal Sasson’s hair tonic to wash hair. C．The woman wanted to help the man keep his hair clean-looking and oil-free. D．The man accepted her suggestion.

正确答案：B

解析：对话中说到的Vidal Sasson’s hair tonic(护发素)是在洗发后才用的，所以B选项说用Vidal Sasson’shair tonic来洗头是不对的。A项：理发师的确推荐了两种产品：Head And Shoulders和Vidal Sasson’s hair tonic。C项：因为男人请

求理发师介绍效对多油多头屑有效的产品，所以理发师推荐产品是为了解决他这方面问题。C是正确的。D项对话中男人说到： “I’ll try that，too．”看出男人接受理发师的建议。

11． Why did the woman recommend Head And Shoulders? A．It can keep the hair clean. B．It can keep the hair oil-free. C．It can reduce the dandruff.

D．It can make the hair look beautiful.

正确答案：C

解析：对话中有直接相关的句子，即理发师推荐了Head And Shoulders之后补充说到它对解决头屑问题有好成效。对话中没有D项表述的意思，可以排除。而在理发师推荐了Vidal Sasson’s hair tonic之后，说到其作用是使头发看上去干净，而且减少头油，所以A、B和Vidal Sasson’s hair tonic相关，而不是Head And Shoulders。

SECTION B PASSAGESDirections: In this section, you will hear several passages. Listen to the passages carefully and then answer the questions that follow.

听力原文： Great changes have been made in family life because of science and industry. In the past, when Americans lived on farms, the typical family had many children. In a family, parents and their children often lived with grandparents. Often, too, uncles and aunts lived nearby. But when industry become more important than agriculture in American life, families became smaller because industry requires workers who are ready and able to move off the and to move again whenever necessary. In the future, because of industrialization, a typical family will be required to move even more often than now, so families will be even smaller. The typical family may remain childless and consist only of a man and a woman. A small number of families may take raising children as their chief work. At the same time they may also raise other people’s children, leaving those families free to move from job to job.

12． Which of the following statements is mentioned in the passage? A．High divorce rate has made modern families smaller. B．There is always a generation gap in modern families. C．Families will die out in the future.

D．Science and industry have brought great changes to family life.

正确答案：D

解析：文段中第一句话告知由于科技及工业的发展，家庭产生了巨大变化，因此答案选D，其他三项文段中并没有涉及。

13． What kinds of families are described in the passage? A．Families of the past and of the future. B．Families of the present and of the future.

C．Families of the past. D．Both B and C.

正确答案：A

解析：由(in the past…in the future)可知文段主要介绍了过去的家庭以及将来的家庭。

14． According to the passage, what is one of the reasons why families are getting smaller in American?

A．The needs for workers who are able to move at any time have been increasing.

B．Both old and young people prefer to live separately. C．Children tend to leave their parents when they grow up. D．People cease to care for having children.

正确答案：A

解析：文段中提及(families became smaller because industry requires workers who are ready and able to moveoff and move again whenever necessary)并提及家庭会越变越小，因为工业化的发展，家庭会需要搬来搬去。所以答案选A。

听力原文： In an attempt to resist the rising cost of fuel and fight the pollution choking our cities, many outgoing students have taken to riding bicycles to school. The unfortunate result of this otherwise positive trend is the traffic problems caused by bicycles having to share the road with cars. And accidents involving bicycles are increasing. So this new solution has led to a dilemma. To solve this dilemma, special bike paths have been created on most roads leading to and from college campuses. It is essential that cyclists stay on those paths. It is necessary for the safety of those who ride bicycles as well as the motorists that share the road with. Although it may be inconvenient to ride in the bike paths at times, but we must insist on it. To enforce the necessity of staying on the paths, there are fines for bicyclists who ride down the middle of the street. The federal fines are currently running at $25 for a first time violation, but if the law is continually violated, the fines will increase by different amounts depending on your local ordinances. The money that is collected for the fines will go towards a fund to help build better bike paths. We are committed to making bicycling a safe alternative to using cars and we appreciate your help in making that goal a reality.

15． What is the newest problem facing people who drive to school? A．Pollution in the air. B．A lack of parking.

C．Accidents with bicycles. D．A lack of bridges.

正确答案：C 解析：文段中说为了应对燃料价格上升以及环保的需要，很多学生骑单车上

学，但随之造成的事故也多了起来．所以C为正确答案。

16． What is the basis for the law that doesn’t allow bicyclists in the middle of the street?

A．The law of he road. B．International law. C．Local law. D．Federal law.

正确答案：D

解析：为了解决事故问题，政府建设了自行车专用道，同时为了防止单车开到马路中间去，政府会根据联邦法律予以罚款。故选D。

17． Where will the money from the fines go? A．To the motorists. B．To the bicyclists.

C．To help build special bike paths. D．To help buy more bikes.

正确答案：C

解析：文中提到收集来的罚款会用于建造更好的自行车专用道。

听力原文： Humans have used may devices to measure time. The sundial was one of the earliest and simplest. A sundial measures the movement of the sun across the sky each day. The sundial worked well only when the sun was shining. So other ways of measuring the passing of time were invented. One device was the hourglass. It used a thin stram of falling sand to measure time. By the 1700s, people had developed mechanical clocks and watches. And today many of our clocks and watches are electronic. So we have devices to mark the passing of time. But what time is it now? Clocks in different parts of the world do not show the same time at the same time. As international communications and travel grew, it became clear we needed a way to establish a common time for all parts of the world. In 1884, an international conference divided the world into 24 time areas, or zones. Each zone represents one hour. The astronomical observatory in Greenwich, England, was chosen as the starting point for the time zone. Most people have no trouble agreeing that time moves forward. Some scientists believe there is one reason why time only moves forward. It is a will-known scientific law: the second law of thermodynamics. The law says disorder increases with time.

18． What does a sundial measure according to the passage? A．It measures the length of a day and a night. B．It measures the movement of the sun each day.

C．It measures the passing of hours, minutes and perhaps seconds.

D．It measures the shadow of the stick across the flat surface of the sundial.

正确答案：B

解析：日晷(sundial)是最早用来记录时间的设备，它通过观测太阳每天的运动情况来测量时间。

19． How many kinds of devices are mentioned in the passage which can measure time?

A．3. B．4. C．5. D．6.

正确答案：B

解析：本文共介绍了四种测量时间的设备，即日晷、沙漏、机械表以及现在的电子表。

20． When was the international conference held which divided the world into 24 time zones?

A．In 1770. B．In 1880. C．In 1884. D．In 1894.

正确答案：C

解析：在1884年的国际会议上划出了24个时区。

21． The famous scientific law, which explains time, can be best summarized as_____.

A．disorder decreases with time B．order increases with time C．disorder increases with time D．order decrease with time

正确答案：C 解析：由(the second law of thermodynamics…says disorder increases with time)可知选项C为正确答案。

听力原文： The Israeli Defense Ministry confirmed Tuesday that the construction of 117 new apartments has been approved by, Defense Minister Shaul Mofaz. A statement said the prime minister and the defense minister have ordered that construction move ahead. Prime Minister Ariel Sharon’s office confirmed the construction plan’s. Deputy defense minister, Zeev Boim, said during a tour of Ariel on Monday that some 3,000 homes are to be built in Ariel. Mr. Sharon has vowed

that settlement growth will continue in the West Bank—although Israel is required to freeze all settlement activity under terms of the internationally backed “road map” peace plan. Israeli Education Minister Limor Livnat told Israel Radio Tuesday that settlement construction in the West Bank should continue. Palestinians angrily denounced the plans for the new construction. Chief Negotiator Saeb Erekat said it was creating 3,000 new obstacles to peace.

22． How many new apartments are included in the construction approved? A．170. B．117. C．107. D．171.

正确答案：B

解析：新闻一开始就说了星期二以色列国防部确认国防部长Shaul Mofaz已经签署同意建设117套新公寓的决议。

23． Which one is not true?

A．Sharon said the settlement growth will continue in the West Bank. B．Road Map peace plan asked Israeli to stop constructing settlement. C．Educational Minister said some 3,000 homes are to be built in Ariel. D．Palestinians are against the plans for new construction.

正确答案：C 解析：题目要求选出不正确的一项，C是不正确的。并不是教育部长说Ariel将建成3000栋房子，而是过国防副部长(Deputy delense minister)说的。

听力原文： At least 32 people were killed in Blacksburg, Virginia, when a gunman opened fire in a dorm and classroom at Virginia Tech University Monday in the deadliest mass shooting rampage in the United States. The gunman, then took his own life, campus police chief Wendell Flinchum told reporters. The events unfolded in the morning over two hours in two separate locations. University president Charles Steger says only one gunman seems to have been involved.

24． Which of the following is not true? A．The gunman was arrested by the police.

B．This was the deadliest mass shooting rampage.

C．It happened in the morning and lasted for two hours. D．Only one gunman was involved.

正确答案：A

解析：这个持枪行凶者并没有被警察逮捕，而是自杀了(took his own life)，所以选项A描述得不正确，题目要求选不正确的一项，故选A。

25． The shooting took place at_____. A．Virginia Tech University

B．Texas University C．Colorado

D．Not mentioned in the report

正确答案：A

解析：新闻第一句话就交代了事件发生的地点以及死亡人数(32 people were killed…a gunman opened firein a dorm and classroom at Virginia Tech University)，故选择A。

听力原文： Lindsay Davenport, champion in 1999, made it into the round of 16 at Wimbledon. She dismissed Switzerland’s Patty Schnyder 6-2, 6-3. Davenport is a striking figure, in height and in weight-of-shot. And, she cruises around the court like a gazelle she never looks troubled. So emphatic was her win over Schnyder, that a semi-final battle against Venus Williams, the defending champion, seems a distinct possibility.

26． What was the final score when Davenport played against Patty Schnyder? A．6 to 2. B．6to3. C．2to0. D．2to3.

正确答案：C 解析：新闻中说Davenport以6比2、6比3的比赛结果淘汰了Patty Schnyder，可知最后比分是2比0．

27． How does the reporter think about the game between Davenport and Venus Williams? .

A．Venus Williams will win. B．Davenport will win. C．The score will equal. D．He does not know.

正确答案：B

解析：新闻中说Davenport驰骋赛场，淘汰了Schnyder，在半决赛中战胜Venus William也是很有可能的(soemphatic was her win over．Schnyder…，battle against Venus William…seems a distinct possibility)。故选B。

听力原文： The national Congress of Trade Unions had called for a strike on Tuesday and Wednesday (July 3-4) to protest against a 70 percent hike in the fuel price in Zimbabwe. Labor Minister July Moyo was quoted by state media as saying the strike is illegal. Wellington Chebebe, trade union secretary general, said the movement’s general council was determined that the strike should go ahead. In his words “With immediate effect, the labor movement has now put the issue of national protest on its agenda.” Mr. Moyo claimed the union had what he termed “ulterior

motives” but he did not say what these were. Nor did he specify the laws under which the strike was being banned, beyond saying the union should have informed the government first.

28． Why had the national Congress of Trade Unions called for a strike? A．To protest against a 70-percent hike in the fuel price in Zimbabwe. B．To protest against the policy carried out by Labor Minister July Moyo. C．To take “ulterior motives”. D．To demand a salary raise.

正确答案：A 解析：题目问举行游行的原因。新闻中第一句话就说明了(called for a strike…to protest against a 70％hikein the fuel price in Zimbabwe)，为了反对津巴布韦燃料价格猛涨70％而举行游行示威，故选A。

29． What did Labor Minister July Moyo say?

A．The movement’s general council was determined that the strike should go ahead.

B．With immediate effect, the labor movement has now put the issue of national protest on its agenda.

C．The union should not have informed the government first. D．The strike is illegal.

正确答案：D

解析：题目问劳工部长July Moyo说了什么。选项A和B是Wellington Chebebe说的，可以首先排除。C和D都是Moyo说的，但是C选项内容是错误的，Moyo认为(the union should have informed the government first)。

听力原文： California’s newest millionaire is not a high-tech investor-but the winner of one of the largest lottery jackpots in US history. A retired grocery store clerk, Al Castellano, won 141 million dollars in the California state lottery. Instead of receiving the money in annual installments, he accepted a smaller payout, and was given a check for 42 million dollars, after taxes.

30． Which of the following statements does not truly describe Al Castellano? A．He is a retired grocery store clerk.

B．He is the winner of the largest lottery jackpots in US history.

C．Instead of receiving the money in annual installments, he accepted a smaller payout, and was given a check for 42 million dollars.

D．He is not a high-tech investor.

正确答案：B

解析：题目要求选出不正确的一项，ACD三项都是正确的，只有B是错误的。Al Castellano is the winner ofone of the largest lottery jackpots in US history,but not the winner of the largest lottery jackpots，so B is wrong．

31． How much did Al Castellano win? A．42 million dollars.

B．42 million dollars before taxes. C．141 million dollars.

D．141 million dollars after pay.

正确答案：C

解析：新闻中说了Al Castellano won 141 million dollars in the lottery．故选择C。

PART III CLOZE (15 MIN)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. Decide which of the choices given below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks.

Music comes in many forms; most countries have a style of their own. 【C1】____. the turn of the century when jazz was born, America had no prominent 【C2】_____of its own. No one knows exactly when jazz was 【C3】_____, or by whom. But it began to be 【C4】_____ in the early 1900s. Jazz is America’s contribution to 【C5】_____ music. In contrast to classical music, which 【C6】_____formal European traditions, jazz is spontaneous and free-form. It bubbles with energy, 【C7】_____moods, interests, and emotions of the people. In the 1920s, jazz 【C8】_____like America. And 【C9】_____it does today. The 【C10】_____of this music are as interesting as the music 【C11】_____, American Negroes, or blacks, as they are called today were the Jazz 【C12】_____. They were brought to the Southern states 【C13】_____ slaves. They were sold to plantation owners and forced to work long 【C14】_____. When a Negro died his friends and relatives 【C15】_____a procession to carry the body to the cemetery. In New Orleans, a band often accompanied the 【C16】_____. On the way to the cemetery the band played slow, solemn music suited to the occasion. 【C17】_____on the way home the mood changed. Spirits lifted. Death had removed one of their【C18】_____but the living were glad to be alive. The band played 【C19】_____music, improvising on both the harmony and the melody of the tunes 【C20】_____at the funeral. This music made everyone wan to dance. It was an early form of Jazz.

32． 【C1】 A．By B．At C．In D．On

正确答案：B

解析：语法类试题(介词选择)；上下文类试题。在世纪之交，使用介词on。

33． 【C2】 A．music B．song C．melody D．style

正确答案：A

解析：词汇类试题；上下文类试题。music笼统指音乐。song指的是歌曲，一般指单首或者几首歌曲。melody指a rhythmically organized sequence of single tones so related to one another as to make up a particular phraseor idea。因为这里讲的是爵士乐，所以选择A项。C项指的是具体的旋律。

34． 【C3】 A．discovered B．acted C．invented D．designed

正确答案：C 解析：词汇类试题；上下文类试题。discover：to be the first to find，learn of,or observe。invent：to produceor contrive(something previously unknown)by the use of ingenuity or imagination．design：to create or contrive for aparticular purpose or effect。因为爵士乐是一种新的音乐形式，是被人创造出来的，所以选用C项较为合适。

35． 【C4】 A．noticed B．found C．listened D．heard

正确答案：A

解析：词汇类试题；上下文类试题。这里选用A项是指爵士乐受到了人们的注意(attract attention)，因此不能选择其他项。

36． 【C5】 A．classical B．sacred C．popular D．light

正确答案：C 解析：词汇类试题；上下文类试题。classical music，古典音乐。popular music，通俗音乐。light music，轻音乐。对于爵士乐的定位，应该归于通俗音乐一类，

所以选择C项。

37． 【C6】 A．forms B．follows C．approaches D．introduces

正确答案：B

解析：语法类试题；上下文类试题。form：to fashion，train，or develop by instruction or precept．例如：forma child’s mind．(造就孩子的想法)。follow：to act in agreement or compliance with；obey(服从：行为与……一致或依从……)例如：follow the rules；follow one’s instincts(遵守规则：顺从直觉)。approach：to come closeto，as in appearance，quality,or condition。introduce：to present(someone)by name to another in order to establish anacquaintance．这里是指典雅音乐遵循着欧洲的古老传统，因此选择B项。

38． 【C7】 A．expressing B．explaining C．exposing D．illustrating

正确答案：A

解析：词汇类试题：上下文类试题。express：to make known the feelings or opinions of(oneself)，as bystatement or art．explain：to make plain or comprehensible．expose：to reveal the guilt or wrengdoing of．illustrate: toclarify,as by use of examples or comparisons．爵士乐用以表达、抒发人们的精绪等，而不是阐释或者揭示，因此选择A项。B项和D项如果用在此处意义基本相同，部是指“阐释”。

39． 【C8】 A．appeared B．felt C．seemed D．sounded

正确答案：D

解析：词汇类试题；上下文类试题。这句话首先要理解句义，即爵士乐的声音表达了美国的特性，所以才会“听起来就像美国”。因为音乐着重于声音，所以选择D项最为合适。

40． 【C9】 A．as

B．so C．either D．neither

正确答案：B

解析：语法类试题；上下文类试题。“现在也是同样”，因此选择B项。

41． 【C10】 A．origins B．originals C．discoveries D．resources

正确答案：A 解析：词汇类试题；上下文类试题。origin：the point at which something comes into existence or from whichit derives or is derived．originah a first form from which other forms are made or developed．resource：(often resources)an available supplythat can be drawn on when needed．“起源”要用A项，C项指“发现”，D项指“资源”。

42． 【C11】 A．concerned B．itself C．available D．oneself

正确答案：B

解析：语法类试题(反身代词)；上下文类试题。“如同这种音乐本身”，因此是B项。

43． 【C12】 A．players B．followers C．fans D．pioneers

正确答案：D

解析：词汇类试题；上下文类试题。联系上下文，知道这里在探讨爵士乐的起源问题，因此要用早期开拓者一类的词汇，所以选择D项。pioneer：one who opens up new areas of thought，research，or development。

44． 【C13】 A．for B．as

C．with D．by

正确答案：B

解析：语法类试题；上下文类试题。“作为……”，表示黑人在那时的身份，因此使用B项。

45． 【C14】 A．months B．weeks C．hours D．times

正确答案：C 解析：词汇类试题；上下文类试题。这里指的是劳动强度大而不偏重时间长，C项在这里强调一天之内工作很长时间，即强度大。而A、B两项没有这种意思。times加了复数指的是一段时期，如“in ancient times”。

46． 【C15】 A．demonstrated B．composed C．hosted D．formed

正确答案：D 解析：词汇类试题；上下文类试题。demonstrate：to show to be true by reasoning or adducing evidence；prove：证实，通过推理或引证说明真实性；证明。例如：demonstrate a proposition证明一个命题。compose：tomake up the constituent pans of；constitute or form：由各部分组成；构成或形成。例如：the many ethnic groups thatcompose our nation构成我们国家的多种民族。host：to serve as host to or at．form：to fashion，train，or develop byinstruction or precept．例如：form a child’s mind(造就孩子的想法)。联系上下文，可以看出指的是亲戚和朋友排成送葬的队伍，因此使用“形成”一词，即D项。

47． 【C16】 A．demonstration B．procession C．body D．march

正确答案：B 解析：词汇类试题：上下文类试题。demonstration：the act of showing or making evident(证实；显示或制造证据的行为)。procession：a group of persons，vehicles，or objects moving along in an orderly,formal manner(行列。队伍：一群人、一些交

通工具或物品有次序地、整齐地向前移动)。body：a group of individuals regardedas an entity；a corporation(一群，团体；一批视作整体的一群；社团)。march；an organized walk or processionby a group of people for a specific cause or issue(游行示威：一群人为了某一特定的原因或理由而进行的有组织的行动)。从上文中可以轻易选择出“队伍、行列”一词。

48． 【C17】 A．Even B．Therefore C．Furthermore D．But

正确答案：D

解析：上下文类试题(逻辑关系判断)。“旋律改变了”为转折逻辑关系，所以选择D项。

49． 【C18】 A．number B．members C．body D．relations

正确答案：B

解析：词汇类试题：上下文类试题。联系上下文可以看出，是指“他们失去了他们中的一分子”，所以选择B项。

50． 【C19】 A．sad B．solemn C．happy D．funeral

正确答案：C

解析：语法类试题；上下文类试题。solemn：deeply earnest，serious，and sober．funeral：the ceremonies heldin connection with the burial or cremation of a dead person．从上文可以看出，由悲伤的旋律改变而来，则应当是悲伤的反义词，即“喜悦”。

51． 【C20】 A．whistled B．sung C．presented D．showed

正确答案：C

解析：语法类试题：上下文类试题。whistle．to produce a high-pitched sound when moving swiftly through theair．present：to offer for observation，examination，or consideration；show or display.这里因为是表演音乐，所以要选择和表演有关的动词过去分词，而只有C项有表演演奏的含义，“to give a performance in a theatre，cinema etc．”。

PART IV GRAMMAR & VOCABULARY (15 MIN)Directions: There are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.

52． As I spoke I observed a large dog lying on the sunny grass beneath______its ears as if about to bark.

A．raise B．raised C．to raise D．raising

正确答案：A

解析：语法类试题(动词时态)。observe接不定式作宾语时，要接省略to的动词不定式。lying on thesunny grass beneath是分词短语作dog的定语。英语中表示“看”、“观察”、“注视”意义的词，都具有同observe相同的用法，如：see，notice．watch。

53． Lying ______far back in the mountains, the coal had to be hauled from a deep valley.

A．as it is B．as it did C．was it D．did it

正确答案：B

解析：语法类试题。此题考查强调的用法，“过去分词+as it is(was)”、“现在分词+as it does(did)”是一种强调语气的表示原因的结构。如此句相当于：As it lay far back in the mountains,…。

54． A man should never be ashamed to show he has been in the wrong,______is but saying, in other words, that he is wiser today than he was yesterday.

A．what B．who . C．which D．as

正确答案：C

解析：语法类试题(非限定性定语从句)。which引导非限定性定语从句，其先行词是前面整个句子，as也有这种用法，但语义上略有不同。“正如……一样”，用在此处不合适。

55． The funny looking man whom the girl met on the street of Princeton was______ Albert Einstein.

A．none but

B．none other but C．no other but D．nobody but

正确答案：B

解析：固定搭配。none other but表示“不是别人，正是……”，与none other than意思相同。none but意为“只有”、“除了……外都没有”：nobody but语义卜不通，应为nobody else but；没有no other but这一用法。

56． Now scientists cannot realize_____soon that existing scientific knowledge is not nearly so complete, certain and unalterable as many textbooks seem to imply.

A．so B．very C．too

D．nobody but

正确答案：C

解析：语法类试题(副词的使用)。cannot…too…， “无论怎样……也不过分”、“越……越好”。

57． Some people hold that, since we live in a money oriented society, the average individual cares little about solving_____problems.

A．anyone elses? B．anyone’s else C．anyone else’s D．any one else’s

正确答案：C

解析：语法类试题(代词所有格)。anyone else意为“别的任何人”，其所有格形式应在else后；anyone不应分开写，else不是名词，没有复数形式。

58． In digital electronics, signals are broken down into thousands, maybe millions,______,,which are encoded as zeroes and ones.

A．of information

B．of bits of information C．of little in formation D．of much in formation

正确答案：B

解析：语法类试题(名词的数)。information是不可数名词，A错；little information否定含义，不符合本题句意，C错；选D语义不通。只有B正确。

59． I’d rather you_____those books of mine with you. A．don’t take B．didn’t take C．won’t take D．not take

正确答案：B

解析：语法类试题(情态助动词)。would rather后面接从句应该用虚拟语气。

60． I don’t doubt_____he will pass the examination. A．whether B．when C．that D．why

正确答案：C

解析：语法类试题(名词从句)。doubt后面接名词从句时，疑问句和否定句用连词that。

61． It is imperative that students_____their term papers on time. A．hand in

B．would hand in C．have to hand in D．handed in

正确答案：A

解析：语法规则。It is imperative／necessary／essential／vital that…此类结构中，从句用should+动词原形，should可是省略。

62． I should be much obliged if you_____me to the airport. A．drove B．will drive C．should drive D．would drive

正确答案：D

解析：虚拟语气，前半句表示委婉地请求，后半句用虚拟语气。

63． Mv sister, together with all her classmates,_____for Beijing this afternoon.

A．are to leave B．are leaving C．is leaving D．leave

正确答案：C

解析：词汇用法。在英语中，诸如leave，go，come，depart，arrive等动词如果是指计划中将要发生的事情，常 用进行体表示。此外，句中的together with从结构上属于插入成分，因此主语还是my sister，是第三人称单数。

64． Fool_____Jane is, she could have made such a mistake. , ‘ A．who B．as C．that D．like

正确答案：B

解析：语法结构。As引导让步性倒装结构。此句想表达的意思为“简再笨也不会犯这种错误。”

65． The population of Pennsylvania increased from 50,000 in 1730 to more than 200,000 in 1763,_____ to the thousands of Scotch Irish.

A．in effect

B．in consequence C．in large part D．at large

正确答案：C

解析：语法类试题(介词短语)。in large part表示“主要地”，相当于mainly：in effect意为“实际”、“事实上”，如：He is in effect my rival。in effect还可以表示“有效的”，如：This law is still in effect：inconsequence意为“因而”、“结果”：at large意为“大体上，整个”：at large还可以表示“未被捕的”，如：The criminal is still at large。

66． We object to the idea that it is military force that should be _____ in settling international disputes.

A．applied to B．resorted to C．fallen back on D．restrained from

正确答案：B

解析：语法类试题和动词使用(虚拟语气)。本题考查词组意义的辨析，resort to表示“诉诸于……”的意思：apply to意为“应用”：fall back on意为“求助于”、

“转而依靠”。如：When the plant closed，he feelback on doing odd jobs and minor repairs for his neighbors．当工厂关闭时，他就靠替邻居做零工和小修小补过活。restrain from意为“抑制”、“不做”。

67． He failed to completely achieve the aim_____by the teacher at the beginning of the term.

A．brought forth B．set forth C．come up D．put forward

正确答案：B

解析：动词短语。set forth the aim表示“提出(设立)目标”。bring forth和put forward也是“提出”，但不能与aim搭配使用，我们可以说：bring forth evidence，put forward a theory(idea，plan，suggest ion)。come up意为“出现”、“被提出”，作非及物动词用。

68． If I_____the answer, I_____you. But alas, I myself have no idea at all. A．know; will tell

B．have known; will have told C．knew; told

D．knew; would tell

正确答案：D

解析：语法类试题(虚拟假设)。if引导的是一个假设情况，同事实相反，因此使用了过去式，第二个空则需要使用情态动词。故选D。

69． We must take part in physical labor in order to_____ourselves more closely with the working people.

A．identify B．incprporate . C．combine D．involve

正确答案：A

解析：动词辨析题。identify oneself with表示“与……密切联系”、“到……中去”的意思：incorporatewith意为“与……合作(结合)”；combine with意为“与……联合”；involve oneself in意为“参与、卷入”，不与with搭配。“与……打成一片”还可以用integrate oneself with。

70． Whether an operation should be performed in this case______very much on the patient’s general condition.

A．relies B．counts

C．centers D．depends

正确答案：D

解析：词汇题(动词和介词的固定搭配)。depend on表示“取决于”：rely on意为“依靠”：count on意为“指望”；center on意为“集中在”、“以……为中心”。本句意为：这个病例是否应该做手术完全取决于患者身体的总体情况。

71． The normal food______of man depend in part on the amount of external work he does.

A．quantities B．requirements C．necessities D．acquirements

正确答案：B

解析：词汇题。requirement表示“需要”；quantity意为“量”，作复数用时指“大量”，相当于量词，large quantities of food意为“大量的食品”，但不说food quantities；necessities意为“生活必需品”；acquirements意为“学到的东西”。

72． The drugs must______in every way to the standards set up by the government.

A．correspond B．confine C．conform D．comply

正确答案：C

解析：词汇题。conform to意为“符合、遵照(in accordance with established rules)”。如：A coat mustconform to the figure of the wearer．衣服必须与身材相配；correspond to(with)：to be in agreement with“与……一致”。如：These goods don’t correspond to the list of those I ordered．“这些货与我订购单上列的不一样。”confineto：keep in a small space，“限在……范围内”。如：He is confined to the chair all his life。他一辈子只能在轮椅上度过。comply接with，意为：“遵守”。如：You must comply with the library rules．遵守图书馆的规则。

73． The red spots first appeared on the forearm and then extended______to the shoulder.

A．on the way B．all along C．in every way D．all the way

正确答案：D

解析：语法类试题(副词短语)。all the way意为“一路上，一直”。on the way(to)意为“在路上”。allalong，“自始至终”。如：I said all along that he was not a person to be trusted，but you would not listen to me．“我一直说他是个不可信的人，但你总不听我的话。”in every way“在方方面面”。

74． Issac Newton, a British scientist, who lived over 300 years ago, said that he saw______than others because he stood on the shoulders of giants.

A．further B．more ahead C．farther D．more afar

正确答案：A

解析：词汇题(副词)。further“(看得)远”。further与farther都是far的比较级，其区别是：further可以用于指抽象的引申意义，如：further investigate，“进一步调查”；而farther只能用于表示“距离远”、“时间远”。不说more ahead而说further ahead。more a far是错误表达。

75． Malaria, it is true, has been practically______ in thirteen countries, including the United States, and is under attack in many others.

A．wiped out B．died out C．put out D．kept out

正确答案：A

解析：动词短语。wipe out表示“消灭”：die out意为“灭绝”，只能作非及物动词用，不能何被动语态；put out“熄灭(火)”；keep out意为“不让进入”。

76． After the seventeenth century, the majority of Harvard graduates entered professions______the ministry.

A．better than B．more than C．other than D．less than

正确答案：C

解析：语法类试题(比较级的使用)。other than表示“不同于，非”的意思。其他几个选择不合句意。

77． In the United States educational system, intermediate school is the______ stage between the primary grades and high school.

A．traditional B．transitional

C．transmission D．transient

正确答案：B

解析：词汇题。transitional表示“过渡性的”；traditional意为“传统的”，如：There are also people whocome to take such courses as Chinese traditional medicine，painting，calligraphy and photography．还有一些人到学校里来是为了学习诸如中医、绘画、书法、摄影等课程。transmissional意为“传送的”；transient意为“暂短的；片刻的(亦作：transitory)”。

78． The streams, often petty and insignificant during dry weather, become raging______ during a storm.

A．current B．wave C．torrent D．tide

正确答案：C

解析：词汇题。torrent：violently rushing stream表示“激流、洪流”，如：The river was a torrent after thestorm．暴风雨过后，河水成了激流。current意为“潮流”、．“电流”，如：go with the current of the times顺应时代的潮流；wave意为“波浪”；tide意为“潮汐”。

79． When coal, the______of plants, is burnt, chemical energy is changed into heat energy.

A．remains B．remainders C．traces . D．remnants

正确答案：A

解析：词汇题。remains表示“残余”、“遗迹”、“剩余物”，如：We found the remains of a meal on thetable．我们存桌上发现了剩下的饭菜。remainder意为“剩余物”、“余数”，“其余(的人)”，如：I willgo ahead with three of you，and the remainder can wait here．我将和你们三个向前走，剩下的人可以在这里等着。trace意为“痕迹”、“踪迹”，如：They searched the building but did not find any trace of the criminal．他们搜查了这座楼房，可足没有发现一点罪犯的踪迹。remnant意为“余下的部分”。

80． Hitch-hikers must have take great pains to make themselves______so as to arrest the driver’s attention’

A．conspicuous B．subconscious C．ambiguous

D．inconspicuous

正确答案：A

解析：词汇题。B表示“潜意识的、下意识的”，C表示“不明确的，不清楚的”，D表示“不显眼的，不引人注目的”。根据题目意思，应该填入“引人注目”。

81． A flight of Navy TBM Avengers were______a mission from the Fort Lauderale Naval Air Station.

A．on B．in C．for D．at

正确答案：A

解析：语法类试题(介词辨析)。on a mission意思为“执行任务”。

PART V READING COMPREHENSION (25 MIN)Directions: In this section there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer.

In 1967, in response to widespread public concern aroused by medical reports of asbestos related deaths, the National Medical Research Council Organized a committee of enquiry to investigate the health threats associated with the use of asbestos in the building industry. After examining evidences provided by medical researchers and building workers and management, the Council published a report, which included advices for dealing with asbestos. The report confirmed the findings of similar research in the United States and Canada. Exposure to relatively small quantities of asbestos fibers, they concluded, was directly responsible for the development of cancers, asbes’tosis and related diseases. Taking into account evidence provided by economists and building industry management, however, the report assumed that despite the availability of other materials, asbestos would continue to play a major role in the British building industry for many years to come because of its availability and low cost. As a result, the council gave a series of recommendations, which were intended to reduce the risks to those who might be exposed to asbestos in working environments. They recommended that, where possible, asbestos free materials should be employed. In cases where asbestos was employed, it was recommended that it should be used in such a way that loose fibers were less likely to enter the air. The report recommended that special care should be taken during work in environments which contain asbestos. Workers should wear protective equipment and take special care to remove dust from the environment and clothing with the use of vacuum cleaner. The report identified five factors which

determine the level of risk involved. The state and type of asbestos is critical to determining the risk factors. In addition, dust formation was found to be limited where the asbestos was used when wet rather than dry. The choice of tools was also found to affect the quantities of asbestos particles that enter the air. Machine tools produce greater quantities of dust than hand tools and, where possible, the use of the latter was recommended. A critical factor takes place in risk reduction is the adequate ventilation of the working environment. When work takes place in an enclosed space, more asbestos particles circulate and it was therefore recommended that natural or machine ventilation should be used. By closely following these advices, it was claimed that exposure can be reduced to a reasonably practical minimum.

82． Exposure to asbestos fibers can cause cancer ______. A．only when asbestos is used in building industry B．only when it is used in large quantities C．even if it is used in small quantities

D．if they are used when wet rather than dry

正确答案：C

解析：细节理解题。第二段第二、三句指出，几方面的研究都表明：直接接触并吸收少量的石棉绒(asbestos fibers)也会导致癌症、石棉沉滞症或其他相关病症。A和B不正确。为了减少其危险性，应该设法不让石棉绒进入空气，使用水浸过的石棉就可以减少工作环境中石棉绒的含量(见第四段第三句)。可见，D表达的内容与原文正好相反。

83． It can be inferred from the passage that the real danger comes from_____. A．the asbestos dust that people take in

B．the contact of the worker’s skin with asbestos particles C．the inferior quality of the asbestos itself

D．the excessive use of man-made asbestos material

正确答案：A

解析：细节理解题。石棉沉滞症(asbestosis)是指石棉被吸进肺中沉积在内而形成肺病，因此，又被称作“石棉肺”。在使用石棉的过程中，石棉碎绒(loose fibers)进入空气中，形成石棉绒尘(dust)，并被工人吸入肺中造成肺癌等疾病。研究会所提出的几个建议也首先是针对如何降低工作环境中石棉绒尘的含量，从而降低石棉的使用给建筑工人造成的危害。

84． Evidence from the economists and the building industries shows that_____. A．exposure to asbestos fibers is cancer causing B．asbestos is in extensive use in building industry C．use of asbestos is being reduced gradually

D．exposure to asbestos fibers can be reduced significantly

正确答案：B

解析：细节理解题。石棉的使用给建筑工人造成了危害，但来自经济学家与建筑业的调查表明：虽然有可供利用的其他材料，石棉在英国建筑业中还将大量使用一段时间，因为它易得到且成本低(参阅第二段最后一句)。所以，B表达的内容最为贴切。

85． According to the passage, which of the following factors could influence dust formation?

A．Humidity of asbestos that is used. B．The state and type of asbestos. C．Ways people use asbestos. D．Weather.

正确答案：A

解析：细节理解题。第四段可以直接找到答案。

86． According to the passage, which of the following is not the factor determining the risk?

A．The state and type of asbestos. B．The choice of tools.

C．Ventilation of working environment D．The medicine workers took.

正确答案：D

解析：细节理解题，反选问题。文章列举了几个因素，其中D项不是。

How we look and how we appear to others probably worries us more when we are in our teens or early twenties than at any other time in our life. Few of us are content to accept ourselves as we are, and few are brave enough to ignore the trends of fashion. ‘ Most fashion magazines or TV advertisements try to persuade us that we should dress in a certain way or behave in a certain manner. If we do, they tell us, we will be able to meet new people with confidence and deal with every situation confidently and without embarrassment. Changing fashion, of course, does not apply just to dress. A barber today does not cut a boy’s hair in the same way as he used to, and girls do not make up in the same way as their mothers and grandmothers did. The advertisers show us the latest fashionable styles and we are constantly under pressure to follow the fashion in case our friends think we are odd or dull. What causes fashions to change? Sometimes convenience or practical necessity or just the fancy of an influential person can establish a fashion. Take hats, for example. In cold climates, early building were cold inside, so people wore hats indoors as well as outside. In recent times, the late President Kennedy caused a depression in the American hat industry by not wearing hats: more American men followed his example. There is also a cyclical pattern in fashion. In the 1920s in Europe and America, short skirts became fashionable. After World War II, they dropped to ankle length. Then they got

shorter and shorter until the miniskirt was in fashion. After a few more years, skirts became longer again. Today, society is much freer and easier than it used to be. It is no longer necessary to dress like everyone else. Within reason, you can dress as you like or do your hair the way you like instead of the way you should because it is the fashion. The popularity of jeans and the “untidy” look seems to be a reaction against the increasingly expensive fashions of the top fashion houses. At the same time, appearance is still important in certain circumstances and then we must choose our clothes carefully. It would be foolish to go to an interview for a job in a law firm wearing jeans and a sweater; and it would be discourteous to visit some distinguished scholar looking as if we were going to the beach or a night club. However, you need never feel depressed if you don’t look like the latest fashion photo. Look around you and you’ll see that no one else does either!

87． The author thinks that people are______. A．satisfied with their appearance

B．concerned about appearance in old age C．far from neglecting what is in fashion D．reluctant to follow the trends in fashion

正确答案：C

解析：主旨题。文章第一段第一句指出或许人们在十几岁、二十几岁时最为关注自己的外表，否定了B项。第二句“Few of us are content to accept our selves as we are，and few are brave enough to ignore the trends offashion．”指出很少有人对自己的外表满意，也很少有人勇于忽视时尚的流行。因此，C项为正确答案。

88． Fashion magazines and TV advertisements seem to link fashion to______. A．confidence in life B．personal dress

C．individual hair style D．personal future

正确答案：A 解析：细节题。文章第二段说“Most fashion magazines or TV advertisements try to persuade us…．we will beable to meet new people with confidence and deal with every situation confidently and without embarrassment．”因此，时尚杂志和电视广告把时尚和人们生活中的自信联系在一起，只有A项正确。

89． Causes of fashions are______. A．uniform B．varied C．unknown . D．inexplicable

正确答案：B

解析：判断题。文章第三段讨论时尚变换的原因时，提及几种不同的情况和原因。因此，时尚变换的原因是多种的，并非固定的、不可知的和无法解释的，故B项为正确答案。

90． Present-day society is much freer and easier because it emphasizes______. A．uniformity B．formality C．informality D．individuality

正确答案：D

解析：推断题。文章倒数第五段谈到“…you can dress as you like or do your hair the way you like instead ofthe way you should because it is the fashion．”说明现代社会变得更加自由、宽松的原因在于今天的时尚强调自我的个性。因此，D项为正确答案。

91． Which is the main idea of the last paragraph? A．Care about appearance in formal situations. B．Fashion in formal and informal situations. C．Ignoring appearance in informal situations. D．Ignoring appearance in all situations.

正确答案：A 解析：主旨题。文章最后一段强调”At the same time，appearance is still import ant in certain circumstancesand then we must choose our clothes carefully．”在某些正式场合，穿着得体依然相当重要。作者并不是强调在非正式场合或任何场合都应该忽略外表，或者无论正式、非正式场合都要体现时尚。因此，A项为正确答案。

Designing a lens can be compared to playing chess. In chess a player tries to trap his opponent’s king in a series of moves. On creating a lens, lens designers attempts to “trap” light by forcing all the rays arising from a single point in the subject to converge on a single point in the image, as a consequence of their passing through a series of transparent elements with precisely curved surfaces. Since in both cases the ultimate goal and the means by which it can be attained are known, one is tempted to think there will be a single best decision at any point along the way. The number of possible consequences flowing from any one decision is so large, however, as to be virtually, if not actually, infinite. Therefore in lens design, as in chess, perfect solutions to a problem are beyond reach. The same principles apply to all lenses. The lens designer has one enormous advantage over the chess player. The designer is free to call on any available source of help to guide him through the countless number of possibilities. Most of that help once came from mathematics and physics, but recently computer technology, information theory, chemistry, industrial engineering

and psychophysics have all contributed to making the designer’s job immeasurably more productive. Some of the lenses on the market today were inconceivable a decade ago. Others whose design is as much as a century old can now be mass-produced at low cost. With the development of automatic production methods, lenses are made by the millions, both out of glass and out of plastics. Today’s lenses are better than the best lenses used by the great photographers of the past. Moreover, their price may be lower, in spite of fact that the 19th century craftsmen worked for only a few dollars a week and today’s lenses are more complex. The lens designer cannot fail to be grateful for the science and technology that have made his work easier and his creations more widely available, but he is also humbled: it is no longer practical for a fine photographic lens to be designed from beginning to end by a single human mind.

92． In what way does lens design resemble chess? A．In the number of steps each takes towards the goal. B．In the designs of the two activities.

C．The steps to the goals and the goal itself are known. D．Each has a doer and a competitor.

正确答案：C 解析：细节理解题。这句话的意思为：达到目标步骤和目标本身都是已知的。第一段指出，设计透镜就像布棋局，下棋时，下棋者用一系列的步骤将死对手(trap his opponent’s king)；设计透镜时设计者通过使物体放射出的光线聚焦的方法“捕捉”光，这需要使光线通过一系列精密制作的透明的抛物面才能达到。因为在这两种活动中最终的目的和达到目的的方式已明确，所以人们很容易认为在达到目标的过程中，每一步都有一个最佳选择。

93． In lens design,_____.

A．it is completely impossible to preset the best steps along the way B．it is always very hard to solve any problems

C．one can work out a best solution to problems in each step D．there are countless steps towards the final goal

正确答案：A

解析：细节理解题。第一段最后三句指出：每走一步所可能产生的后果如果不能说是无穷无尽的(infinite)，至少也可以说是多不胜数。因此，正像下棋一样，设计透镜不可能有解决问题的完美方法，设计各类透镜都是如此(The same principles apply to all lenses)。意为：根本不可能在制作过程中预设出最佳步骤。

94． Compared with a chess player, lens designer_____. A．can put his design to mass production B．can draw on various sources in his work C．can reduce the cost of lens production

D．has no one to train him before taking up the work

正确答案：B

解析：细节理解题。第二段第一句指出，与下棋者相比，透镜的设计者有一大优势：他可以自由地运用手头上一切可利用的资源(call on any available source of help)，帮助他从无数可能性中做出选择。意为；在工作中可以利用各方面的帮助。

95． A lens designer in the past____. A．did their work better

B．did not use glass for making lenses C．was usually poor

D．designed the lens all by himself

正确答案：D

解析：细节理解题。最后一句指出，透镜设计者应该感谢科技的进步，因为它使得设计工作更易操作，应用更广泛，但是，他也有其哀叹的一面(he is also humbled)：完全由一个人设计出精良透镜的时代已经一去不复返了。本句意为：整个制作过程都是一个人干的。

96． What is the best title for the text? A．How to Play Chess B．Play Chess With Lens

C．Relationship Between Chess-playing and Lens-designing D．What Insight From Lens to Chess?

正确答案：C

解析：大意判断题。文章讲的是两者之间的异同，因此应该选C。

Every product on the market has a variety of costs built into it before it is ever put up for sale to a customer. There are costs of production, transportation, storage,advertising, and more. Each of these costs must bring in some profit at each stage: truckers must profit from transporting products, or they would not be in business. Thus, costs also include several layers of profits. The selling price of a product must take all of these costs(and built-in profits) into consideration. The selling price itself consists of a markup over the total of all costs, and it is normally based on a percentage of the total cost. The markup may be quite high 90 percent of cost or it may be low. Grocery items in a supermarket usually have a low markup, while mink coast have a very high one. High markups, however, do not in themselves guarantee big profits. Profits come from turnover. If an item has a 50 percent markup and does not sell, there is no profit. But if a cereal has an 8 percent markup and sells very well, there are reasonable profits. While most pricing is based on cost: factors, there are some exceptions. Prestige pricing means setting prices artificially high in order to attract select clientele. Such pricing attempts to suggest that the quality or style of the product is exceptional or that the item cannot be found

elsewhere. Stores can use prestige pricing to attract wealthy shoppers. Leader pricing and bait pricing are the opposites of prestige pricing. Leader pricing means setting low prices on certain items to get people to come into the stores. The products so priced are called loss leaders because little or no profit can be made on them. The profits are made from other products people buy while in the store. Bait pricing, now generally considered illegal, means setting artificially low prices to attract customers. The store, however, has no intention of selling goods at the bait prices. The point is to get people into the store and persuade them of the inferiority of the low-priced item. Then a higher-priced item is presented as a better alternative. A common retail tactic is odd priced products. For some products of $300, the store will set the price at $295 or $299.95 to give the appearance of a lower price. Automobiles and other high-priced products are usually priced in this manner. For some reason $7,995 has more appeal to a potential car customer than $8,000. Bid pricing is a special kind of price setting. It is often used in the awarding of government contracts. Several companies are asked to submit bids on a job, and normally the lowest bidder wins. A school system may want to buy a large number of computers. Several companies are asked to submit prices, and the school district will decide on the best bid based as well on considerations of quality and service.

97． Which of the following statements is True? A．The prices set according to prestige pricing ensure high quality of the product. B．The purposes of both leader pricing and bait pricing are to lure customers. C．The price setters usually dominate over a bidding deal.

D．The total costs of a product consist of all costs in each stage and profit margin.

正确答案：B 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段可知prestige pricing抓住的是某些顾客(尤其较富裕的顾客)的那种“一分钱一分货”的心理而采取的定价策略，而以此定价的商品其实并不一定具有很高的品质，故不选A；理解了最后一段讲的bid pricing，可知C错误，此处讲的bid pricing其实是买方向承揽方招标，然后再从投标的承揽方里面挑出性价比较高的，由此可知C说定价方在这种交易中处于主动的位置与文意相悖：从第一段知道，产品最后确定的市场销售价包括了此前各阶段所耗的所有费用以及一定的利润空间，而D说总费用就包括了这两者，显然是错的。由第四段看，可知其实leading pricing和bait pricing都是想利用低价来吸引顾客。故本题选B。

98． What is the base of selling price? A．The cost of production. B．A percentage of total cost. C．The cost of transportation. D．The cost of storage.

正确答案：B

解析：细节理解题。从文章第一段最后一句话可知答案。

99． We learn from the second paragraph,____. A．reducing cost is the surest way to increase profits B．profits depend on how fast goods are moving C．fair markup promise the greatest profits D．lower markup brings reasonable profits

正确答案：B

解析：推理题。文章第二段的第三、四、五、六句指出，然而，差价大本身并不能保证利润大，利润来自于总销售额(turnover)，例如：如果某种商品有50％的差价(markup)，但是卖不动，也不会带来利润，但是。如果某类粮食仅有8％的差价，但是卖得很好，带来的利润也会较可观。这句话的意思为： “利润取决于商品周转的速度”。

100． In a department store, the purpose of showing clients bait-priced items is to_____.

A．demonstrate the bad quality of these.items B．get them to purchase some other articles C．earn some dirty money from these items

D．persuade them to buy what they don’t really need

正确答案：B

解析：细节理解题。第四段后半段指出，引诱性定价(bait pricing)现在一般被认为是非法的做法，利用这种定价方式，商品价格人为地定得特别低，商店根本不想以引诱性价格售出商品，其目的在于将顾客吸引进商店，向他们演示低价格产品低劣的质量，然后再劝诱顾客购买高价格的(同类)商品。这句话意为： “使他们购买其他商品”。

101． In a bidding deal,_____.

A．the buyer search from place to place for desired object B．the government selects the best items

C．the government transacts with an individual D．the sellers compete with each other for the bid

正确答案：D

解析：细节理解题。最后一段列举了两个例子，从中可以看出，在出价法交易中，销售者需通过竞相投标使商品得以销售。这与拍卖交易正好相反。这句话表示：“销售者竞相投标销售”。

PART VI WRITING (45 MIN)

SECTION A COMPOSITION (35 MIN)

102． Some students prefer to study alone. Others prefer to study with a group of students. Which do you prefer?Write on ANSWER SHEET THREE a composition of about 200 words.In the first part of your writing you should present your thesis statement, and in the second part you should support the thesis statement with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary.Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the instructions may result in a loss of marks.

正确答案： I Prefer Studying With Others Everyone has his own studying habits—be it in a group or by oneself. In my case, I prefer studying with others due to the benefits of group work. First of all, studying with others is a good way to share information and broaden our vision. If we work a group of classmates on an assignment, it is almost for sure that we can come up with the most comprehensive idea for the simple fact that everyone’s contribution can make up for the aspects that might have been missed if we work alone. Second, one tends to behave himself in front of others and he is more likely to concentrate. Last but not least important, studying with others can prepare us for future job and cooperation with others. We need to cultivate our team-work spirit at school. To work out an assignment or project, every team member has to make his own contribution and efforts should also be made to coordinate and negotiate among team members in order to reach an agreement, that’s exactly what the future job would require us to do. For the above reasons, I prefer working with others and develop team-work spirit.

SECTION B NOTE-WRITING (10 MIN)

103． Write on ANSWER SHEET THREE a note of about SO ~ 60 words based on the following situation:You have to get a book from your friend, but he is out. Write a note of about 60 words telling why you are so hurried to take the book.Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness.

正确答案： September 3 Dear Tom, I wanted to borrow a book from you this afternoon but you were out. Because I will discuss with my supervisor about my essay tomorrow morning, and I need your book as for reference when I revise my essay. I’ m sorry to take your book without your permission. Hope you can forgive me. After using it, I will return to you as soon as possible. Thanks. Katty