语言学选择题练习

语言学选择题练习

Ⅲ. There are four choices following each statement. Mark the choice that can best complete the statement: 1. The morpheme “vision” in the common word “television” is a(n) ___D___. A. bound morpheme B. bound form

C. inflectional morpheme D. free morpheme

2. The compound word “bookstore” is the place where books are sold. This indicates that the meaning of a compound ____D______.

A. is the sum total of the meaning of its components

B. can always be worked out by looking at the meanings of morphemes C. is the same as the meaning of a free phrase. D. None of the above.

3. The part of speech of the compounds is generally determined by the part of speech of____B___. A. the first element B. the second element

C. either the first or the second element D. both the first and the second elements

4. ___B____ are those that cannot be used independently but have to be combined with other morphemes, either free or bound, to form a word. A. Free morphemes B. Bound morphemes C. Bound words D. Words

5. ___C______ is a branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed. A. Syntax B. Grammar C. Morphology D. Morpheme

6. The meaning carried by the inflectional morpheme is ___C____. A. lexical

B. morphemic C. grammatical D. semantic

7. Bound morphemes are those that ___D________. A. have to be used independently

B. can not be combined with other morphemes C. can either be free or bound

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D. have to be combined with other morphemes

8. ___A____ modify the meaning of the stem, but usually do not change the part of speech of the original word. A. Prefixes B. Suffixes C. Roots D. Affixes

9. ____B_____ are often thought to be the smallest meaningful units of language by the linguists. A. Words

B. Morphemes C. Phonemes D. Sentences

10. “-s” in the word “books” is __C_____. A. a derivative affix B. a stem

C. an inflectional affix D. a root

11 Of all the speech organs, the ___C____ is/are the most flexible. A. mouth B. lips C. tongue

D. vocal cords

12. The sounds produced without the vocal cords vibrating are __A_ sounds. A. voiceless B. voiced C. vowel

D. consonantal

13. ____B______ is a voiced alveolar stop. A. /z/ B. /d/ C. /k/ D. /b/

14. The assimilation rule assimilates one sound to another by “copying”a feature of a sequential phoneme, thus making the two phones _____D_______. A. identical B. same

C. exactly alike D. similar

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15. Since /p/ and /b/ are phonetically similar, occur in the same environments and they can distinguish meaning, they are said to be ____A_______. A. in phonemic contrast

B. in complementary distribution C. the allophones D. minimal pair

16. The sound /f/ is ____D_____________. A. voiced palatal affricate B. voiced alveolar stop C. voiceless velar fricative

D. voiceless labiodental fricative

17. A __C__ vowel is one that is produced with the front part of the tongue maintaining the highest position. A. back B. central C. front D. middle

18. Distinctive features can be found running over a sequence of two or more phonemic segments. The phonemic features that occur above the level of the segments are called ____C___. A. phonetic components B. immediate constituents C. suprasegmental features D. semantic features

19. A(n) ______D_____ is a unit that is of distinctive value. It is an abstract unit, a collection of distinctive phonetic features. A. phone B. sound C. allophone D. Phoneme

20.The different phones which can represent a phoneme in different phonetic environments are called the __D__ of that phoneme. A. phones B. sounds C. phonemes D. allophones

21. If a linguistic study describes and analyzes the language people actually use, it is said to be ____C___. A. prescriptive B. analytic C. descriptive D. linguistic

22. Modern linguistics regards the written language as ___C____. A. primary B. correct C. secondary D. stable

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23. A historical study of language is a __B_____ study of language. A. synchronic B. diachronic C. prescriptive D. comparative

24. According to F. de Saussure, ___C____ refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community.

A. parole B. performance C. langue D. Language

25. Language can be used to refer to contexts removed from the immediate situations of the speaker. This feature is called ___A____,

A. displacement B. duality C. flexibility D. cultural transmission

26. Of all the speech organs, the __C_____ is/are the most flexible. A. mouth B. lips C. tongue D. vocal cords

27. The sounds produced without the vocal cords vibrating are __A__ sounds. A. voiceless B. voiced C. vowel D. consonantal

28. Since /p/ and /b/ are phonetically similar, occur in the same environments and they can distinguish meaning, they are said to be ____A_______.

A. in phonemic contrast B. in complementary distribution C. the allophones D. minimal pair

29. A __C__ vowel is one that is produced with the front part of the tongue maintaining the highest position. A. back B. central C. front D. middle

30. A(n) ____D_______ is a unit that is of distinctive value. It is an abstract unit, a collection of distinctive phonetic features.

A. phone B. sound C. allophone D. phoneme

31. The morpheme “vision” in the common word “television” is a(n) ___D___.

A. bound morpheme B. bound form C. inflectional morpheme D. free morpheme

32. The compound word “bookstore” is the place where books are sold. This indicates that the meaning of a compound ___D_______.

A. is the sum total of the meaning of its components

B. can always be worked out by looking at the meanings of morphemes C. is the same as the meaning of a free phrase. D. None of the above.

33. ____C_____ is a branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words and the rules by which

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words are formed.

A. Syntax B. Grammar C. Morphology D. Morpheme

34. The meaning carried by the inflectional morpheme is ____C___. A. lexical B. morphemic C. grammatical D. semantic

35. ___A____ modify the meaning of the stem, but usually do not change the part of speech of the original word. A. Prefixes B. Suffixes C. Roots D. Affixes

36. A sentence is considered __D__ when it does not conform to the grammatical knowledge in the mind of native speakers.

A. right B. wrong C. grammatical D. ungrammatical

37. Phrase structure rules have __A__ properties.

A. recursive B. grammatical C. social D. functional

38. Phrase structure rules allow us to better understand ______D_______. A. how words and phrases form sentences.

B. what constitutes the grammaticality of strings of words C. how people produce and recognize possible sentences D. All of the above.

39. Syntactic movement is dictated by rules traditionally called ___A_____.

A. transformational rules B. generative rules C. phrase structure rules D. x-bar theory

40. The sentence structure is ___D____.

A. only linear B. only hierarchical C. complex D. both linear and hierarchical

41. The syntactic rules of any language are __C__ in number. A. large B. small C. finite D. infinite

42. The ____D____ rules are the rules that group words and phrases to form grammatical sentences. A. lexical B. morphological C. linguistic D. combinational

43. “We shall know a word by the company it keeps.” This statement represents ____B___. A. the conceptualist view B. contexutalism C. the naming theory D. behaviourism

44. “Can I borrow your bike?”____D___ “You have a bike.”

A. is synonymous with B. is inconsistent with C. entails D. presupposes

45. _____B______ is a way in which the meaning of a word can be dissected into meaning components, called

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semantic features.

A. Predication analysis B. Componential analysis C. Phonemic analysis D. Grammatical analysis

46. “Alive” and “dead” are ________C______.

A. gradable antonyms B. relational opposites C. complementary antonyms D. None of the above

47. ______C_____ refers to the phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form. A. Polysemy B. Synonymy C. Homonymy D. Hyponymy

48. Words that are close in meaning are called _______D_______.

A. homonyms B. polysemy C. hyponyms D. synonyms

49. ____A_____ does not study meaning in isolation, but in context.

A. Pragmatics B. Semantics C. Sense relation D. Concept

50. What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is whether in the study of meaning ____D_____ is considered.

A. reference B. speech act C. practical usage D. context

51. A sentence is a ___B______ concept, and the meaning of a sentence is often studied in isolation. A. pragmatic B. grammatical C. mental D. conceptual

52. If we think of a sentence as what people actually utter in the course of communication, it becomes a(n) ____C_____.

A. constative B. directive C. utterance D. expressive

53. Which of the following is true? ___B____

A. Utterances usually do not take the form of sentences.

B. Some utterances cannot be restored to complete sentences. C. No utterances can take the form of sentences.

D. All utterances can be restored to complete sentences.

54. ______C____ is the act performed by or resulting from saying something; it is the consequence of, or the change brought about by the utterance.

A. A locutionary act B. An illocutionary act C. A perlocutionary act D. A performative act 55. All the acts that belong to the same category share the same purpose, but they differ ____C______. A. in their illocutionary acts. B. in their intentions expressed C. in their strength or force D. in their effect brought about

56. When any of the maxims under the cooperative principle is flouted, ___D____ might arise. A. impoliteness B. contradictions C. mutual understanding D. conversational implicatures

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57. English language belongs to ___A______.

A. Indo-European Family B. Sino-Tibetan Family C. Austronesian Family D. Afroasiatic Family

58. Which of the following is not a design feature of human language?

A. Arbitrariness B. Displacement C. Duality D. Meaningfulness

59. In modern linguistics, speech is regarded as more basic than writing, because _______. A. in linguistic evolution, speech is prior to writing

B. speech plays a greater role than writing in terms of the amount of information conveyed C. speech is always the way in which every native speaker acquires his mother tongue D. All of the above

60. Language is said to be arbitrary because there is no logical connection between _______ and meanings. A. sense B. sounds C. objects D. ideas

61. A sentence is considered ____ when it does not conform to the grammatical knowledge in the mind of native speakers.

A. right B. wrong C. grammatical D. ungrammatical

62. A __________ in the embedded clause refers to the introductory word that introduces the embedded clause.

A. coordinator B. particle C. preposition D. subordinator

63. Phrase structure rules have ____ properties.

A. recursive B. grammatical C. social

D. functional

64. Phrase structure rules allow us to better understand _____________. A. how words and phrases form sentences.

B. what constitutes the grammaticality of strings of words C. how people produce and recognize possible sentences

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D. All of the above.

65. Syntactic movement is dictated by rules traditionally called ________. A. transformational rules B. generative rules

C. phrase structure rules D. x-bar theory

66. The theory of case condition accounts for the fact that __________. A. noun phrases appear only in subject and object positions. B. noun phrases can be used to modify another noun phrase C. noun phrase can be used in adverbial positions

D. noun phrase can be moved to any place if necessary.

67. The sentence structure is ________. A. only linear

B. Only hierarchical C. complex

D. both linear and hierarchical

68. The syntactic rules of any language are ____ in number. A. large B. small C. finite D. infinite

69. The ________ rules are the rules that group words and phrases to form grammatical sentences. A. lexical

B. morphological C. linguistic

D. combinational

70._______ rules may change the syntactic representation of a sentence. A. Generative

B. Transformational C. X-bar

D. Phrase structure

71. The naming theory is advanced by ________. A. Plato

B. Bloomfield C. Geoffrey Leech D. Firth

72. “We shall know a word by the company it keeps.” This statement represents _______.

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A. the conceptualist view B. contexutalism C. the naming theory D. behaviourism

73. Which of the following is not true?

A. Sense is concerned with the inherent meaning of the linguistic form. B. Sense is the collection of all the features of the linguistic form. C. Sense is abstract and decontextualized.

D. Sense is the aspect of meaning dictionary compilers are not interested in.

74. “Can I borrow your bike?”_______ “You have a bike.” A. is synonymous with B. is inconsistent with C. entails

D. presupposes

75. ___________ is a way in which the meaning of a word can be dissected into meaning components, called semantic features.

A. Predication analysis B. Componential analysis C. Phonemic analysis D. Grammatical analysis

76. “Alive” and “dead” are ______________. A. gradable antonyms B. relational opposites

C. complementary antonyms D. None of the above

77. _________ deals with the relationship between the linguistic element and the non-linguistic world of experience. A. Reference B. Concept C. Semantics D. Sense

78. ___________ refers to the phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form. A. Polysemy B. Synonymy C. Homonymy D. Hyponymy

79. Words that are close in meaning are called ______________. A. homonyms B. polysemy

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C. hyponyms D. synonyms

80. The grammaticality of a sentence is governed by _______. A. grammatical rules B. selectional restrictions C. semantic rules D. semantic features

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