计算机专业英语复习资料

一、 词组

CPU 处理机 DRAM 动态随机存储器

SRAM 静态随机存储器 control unit 控制器

integrated circuit （IC）集成电路 Moore’s law 摩尔定律

electronic component 电子元件 wafer of silicon 硅晶片

SSI 小规模集成电路 LSI 大规模集成电路

VLSI 超大规模集成电路 optical laser disk 光盘

laser beam 激光束 access arm 存取臂

arithmetic and logic unit 算术逻辑部件 real-time 实时的

single-layered，single-sided 单层，单面 multithreaded 多线程的

VHS（Video Home System）家用录像系统 client-server 客户机/服务器

consumer electronics 消费电子产品 batch system 批处理系统

embedded system 嵌入式系统 off-line operation 脱机操作

resource allocator 资源分配程序 cold boot 冷启动

resident monitor 常驻监控程序 dialog box 对话框

time sharing（time-shared）分时 shortcut keystroke 快捷键

warm boot 热启动 radio button 单选钮

architectural framework 体系结构框架 reference model 参考模型

protocol stack 协议栈 LAN 局域网

Web site 网站 HTTP 超文本传输协议

URL 统一资源定位器 DNS 域名系统

cable television 有线电视 FDM 频分多路复用

TDM 时分多路复用 physical level 物理层conceptual 念层 external level 外部层

entity-relationship model 实体关系模型 primary key 主键

unifying model 统一模型 DBMS 数据库管理系统

二、翻译

level 概

1、Literally hundreds of different types of computers are marketed by scores of manufacturers.不加夸张地讲,市场上有几百种不同类型的计算机在销售。

2、The message is interpreted , and the processor initiates action to retrieve the appropriate program and data from secondary storage.消息被解释，处理机从辅助存储器取出所需的程序和数据。

3、One laser beam writes to the recording surface by scoring microscopic pits in the disk ,and another laser reads the data from the light-sensitive recording surface.一束激光通过在光盘上刻制微小的凹点，对记录表面进行写数据；而另一束激光用来从光敏感的记录表面读取数据。

4、They are less sensitive to environmental fluctuations , and they provide more direct-access storage at a cost that is much less per megabyte of storage than the magnetic-disk alternative.它们对环境变化不太敏感，并且它们以每兆字节比磁盘低得多的存储器价格，提供更多的直接存取存储。

5、At present , magneto-optical disks are too expensive and do not offer anywhere near the kind of reliability that users have come to expect of magnetic media.目前磁光盘太贵且根本未达到用户对磁介质所期望的那种可靠性。

6、To prevent user programs from interfering with the proper operation of the system, the hardware was modified to create two modes: user mode and monitor mode.为阻止用户程序干扰系统的正常操作，对硬件做了修改，建立两种方式：用户方式和监控方式。

7、Once these changes ( dual mode , privileged instructions , memory protection, timer interrupt ) have been made to the basic computer architecture, it is possible to write a correct operating system.一旦对基本的计算机结构作了这些改变（两种方式，特权指令，内存保护，时钟中断），就有可能写出正确的操作系统。

8、And later , when screen outputs started to look acceptable , it just took too long to display the graphics on the computer to be worthwhile.之后，当屏幕输出看上去可以接受时，可是在计算机上显示图形花时间太长，仍没有价值。

9、You can toggle between checking and unchecking a checkmark item with the mouse.你能够通过用鼠标单击记号项来切换在该记号项上打√或去掉√。

10、The Internet is a vast global community of real people who constantly generate more unadulterated stuff on more topics than you could ever read in your lifetime.因特网是现实世界中人们的巨大的全球性社区。在这个网上，人们在众多主题上不断推出的有价值资料是你一辈子也读不完的。

11、A fast-growing global network of graphical electronic documents you can browse , interact with , and even create yourself.一个快速发展的图形电子文档全球网，你可以浏览其图形电子文档，与之交互，甚至可以建立自己的文档。

12、In practice , however , two carriers operating at almost the same frequency or at exact multiples of a frequency can interfere with one another.但实际上，两个频率相近或频率成整数倍的载波会彼此干扰。

13、The mandate for large gaps between the frequencies assigned to carriers means that underlying hardware used with FDM can tolerate a wide range of frequencies.在各载波频率之间要求有较大的间隔意味着FDM所用的硬件能容纳很宽的频率范围。

14、The primary goal of a DBMS is to provide an environment that is both convenient and efficient to use in retrieving information from and storing information into the database. DBMS的主要目标是提供这样的环境，在从数据库中检索信息和把信息存储在数据库中时使用起来既方便，又高效。

15、Also it is not necessary that different views should contain altogether different data. 不同的视图也不必要包含完全不同的数据。