(限时35分钟)
Ⅰ.任务型阅读
Family structure is the core of any culture. A major function of the family is to socialize new members of a culture. As children are raised in a family setting, they learn to become members of the family as well as members of the larger culture. The family provides the model for all other relationships in society. Through the observations and modeling of the behavior of other family members, children learn about the family and society including the values of the culture. Family structure and their inherent relationships and obligations are a major source of cultural difference.
The family is the center of most traditional Asians' lives. Many people worry about their families' welfare, reputation, and honor. Asian families are often extended, including several generations related by blood or marriage living in the same home. An Asian person's misdeeds are not blamed just on the individual but also on the family — including the dead ancestors.
Traditional Chinese, among many other Asians, respect their elders and feel a deep sense of duty toward them. Children repay their parents' sacrifices by being successful and supporting them in old age. This is accepted as a natural part of life in China. In contrast, taking care of aged parents is often viewed as tremendous burden in the United States, where aging and family support are not honored highly.
The Vietnamese family consists of people currently alive as well as the spirits of the dead and of the asyet unborn. Any decisions or actions are done from family considerations, not individual desires. People's behavior is judged on whether it brings shame or pride to the family. Vietnamese children are trained to rely on their families, to honor elderly people, and to fear foreigners. Many Vietnamese think that their actions in this life will influence their status in the next life.
Fathers in traditional Japanese families are typically strict and distant. Japanese college students in one study said they would tell their fathers just about as much as they would tell a total stranger. The emotional and communication barrier between children and fathers in Japan appears very strong after children have reached a certain age.
Although there has been much talk about “family values” in the United States,
- 1 -
the family is not a usual frame of reference for decisions in U．S. mainstream culture. Family connections are not so important to most people. Dropping the names of wealthy or famous people the family knows is done in the United States, but it is not viewed positively. More important is a person's own individual “track record”of personal achievement.
Thus, many cultural differences exist in family structures and values. In some cultures, the family is the center of life and the main frame of reference for decisions. In other cultures, the individuals, not the family, is primary. In some cultures, the family's reputation and honor depend on each person's actions; in other cultures, individuals can act without permanently affecting the family life. Some cultures value old people, while other cultures look down on them.
Outline Supporting details ●Family structure is of great (2)______ in different cultures. (1)________ to family structure ●Children raised in a family will gradually learn how to (3)________ in a way which is acceptable in their culture or setting. ●Many cultural differences (4)______ from family structures. ●Traditional Asians (5)________ their lives around family. Not only the individual but the family is to (6)________ for any wrongdoings. ● In China, parents' sacrifices will probably (7)________ Examples of Asian families off when children grow up. Children will also provide for the elders. ● In Vietnam, it's not from the personal desires but from family considerations that decisions or actions are done. ●In Japan, children are (8)________ to share their emotions with father, thus making communication difficult. Examples of families in the USA Conclusion
Americans don't lay much emphasis on family values. (9)________， personal achievement is considered more important. Family structures and values (10)______ in different - 2 -
cultures. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。家庭结构是任何一种文化的核心。但是不同的文化对家庭结构的重视程度并不一样。
1．Introduction 信息概括题。根据文章第一段第一句“Family structure is the core of any culture.”可知，家庭结构是任何一种文化的核心。整个第一段都是对家庭结构的介绍。
2．importance/significance 信息转换题。根据第一段最后一句“Family structure and their inherent relationships and obligations are a major source of cultural difference.”可知，家庭结构和内部关系起着很大的文化作用。“of＋importance/significance”相当于形容词important或significant。
3．behave 信息转换题。根据第一段第五句“Through the observations and modeling of the behavior ... and society including the values of the culture.”可知答案，注意此处应填动词形式。
4．arise/result/originate 信息概括题。根据第一段首句“Family structure is the core of any culture.”和最后一句“Family structure and their inherent relationships and obligations are a major source of cultural difference.”可知，很多文化的差异是由于家庭结构的不同而引起的。
5．center/centre 信息查找题。根据第二段第一句“The family is the center of most traditional Asians' lives.”可知，在传统的亚洲人的生活中，家庭是核心。
6．blame 信息转换题。根据第二段最后一句“An Asian person's misdeeds are not blamed just on the individual but also on the family — including the dead ancestors.”可知，个人和家庭都要受到责备。
7．pay 信息转换题。根据第三段第二句“Children repay their parents' sacrifices by being successful and supporting them in old age.”可知，当父母老了以后，孩子们会回报父母以前所做的牺牲。原文中使用repay，表格中使用动词短语pay off指父母的牺牲得到了回报。
8．unwilling/reluctant/afraid 信息概括题。根据第五段第二句“Japanese college students ... would tell a total stranger.”可知，日本的大学生和父亲之间的关系好像是陌生人一样，也就是说他们不愿或不敢与父亲交流。
9．Instead/However 信息概括题。根据倒数第二段最后两句“Dropping the names of wealthy ... individual ‘track record’ of personal achievement.”可知，在美国个人成就是更重要的。说明设空处上下文之间是转折关系，使用Instead或However。 10．vary/differ 信息转换题。根据最后一段第一句“Thus, many cultural differences exist in family structures and values.”可知，很多文化的差异都存在于家庭结构和
- 3 -
价值观方面，也就是说不同文化中家庭结构和价值观是不一样的。 Ⅱ.书面表达
(2019·盐城模拟)请阅读下面文字和图表，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。
Chinese tourism industry is relatively young but very attractive. With 288 billion dollars spent worldwide in 2018, Chinese tourists' spending represents a quarter of global tourism spending.
Nowadays traveling is easier than some years ago and visiting a foreign country is as common as moving in China. For this reason when Chinese tourists plan their holiday, they often have the dilemma whether it is better to move abroad or to stay in China.
China has the largest outbound (出境的) tourism market. Indeed, more than 71 million Chinese tourists travelled abroad in 2018, 15 percent more than the previous year. This phenomenon is due to different factors, the first one being rising incomes. The middleclass has the means to travel outside China. The second one is an increase in online information with a content of quality. Word of mouth and recommendations from friends are the most favored source of information of Chinese tourists. The third factor would be friendlier visa policies from foreign governments. [写作内容]
1．用约30个词概括上述信息的主要内容；
2．结合上述信息，用约120个词发表你的观点，内容包括： (1)你对“境外旅游热”持什么观点？说明你的理由(至少两点)； (2)若你所在城市正大力推广本地旅游业，你认为应该采取哪些促进措施。 [写作要求]
1．写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句； 2．作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称； 3．不必写标题。 [评分标准]
内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。 参考范文1：
According to the passage and diagram, rising income, abundant online travel
- 4 -
information and friendlier visa policies have really boosted Chinese tourism industry in a totally convincing way, especially outbound trips.
With our living standards improving, people have a preference for travelling abroad. However, I will undoubtedly choose to travel domestically. First of all, there may be language barriers even if you have learned a second language, and cultural impacts are very likely to ruin your vacation. Second, travelling abroad takes more time. You have to undergo certain processes to get a visa and spend longer hours travelling from place to place.
As an advocate for travelling domestically, I have some practical suggestions for the local government, which is determined to improve local tourism. Convenient transport is of primary importance as well as local infrastructure. Our local government should concentrate its efforts on bringing out our uniqueness rather than developing tourism aimlessly. 参考范文2：
According to the passage and diagram, rising income, abundant online travel information and friendlier visa policies have really boosted Chinese tourism industry in a totally convincing way, especially outbound trips.
As our living standards are improving, it is possible to visit more countries to broaden our horizons. I think travelling abroad can make us see a new country and experience a different culture. Meanwhile, it is also a journey during which we can exhibit Chinese image and soft power to our foreign friends, which can promote mutual understanding as well as improving our language abilities.
If our local government is determined to improve local tourism, I believe it can follow the footsteps of some major cities around the world and take action now. Convenient transport is of primary importance as well as local infrastructure. Our local government should concentrate its efforts on bringing out our uniqueness rather
than developing tourism aimlessly.
- 5 -
- 6 -
因篇幅问题不能全部显示，请点此查看更多更全内容