高中定语从句及习题(答案)

一、含义：在复合句中修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句，叫做定语从句，它所修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。分为性定语从句和非性定语从句。

性定语从句说明先行词的情况，对先行词起限定作用，与先行词关系十分密切，不可用逗号隔开，也不可省略，否则全句意义就不完整。

Is there anything (that) I can do for you?

非性定语从句只是对先行词作补充说明，没有限定作用，它与先行词的关系比较松散，因而不是关键性的，如果省略，原句的意义仍然完整。在文字中通常用逗号与主句隔开。如：

This note was left by Tom, who was here a moment ago. 性定语从句 非性定语从句 语法结构上的区别 从句是主从复合结构的重要从句与主句关系松散，省去从句成分，如果省去，则句意不清主句意思清楚，不受影响。 楚或句子不能成立。 关系代词和关系副关系代词作宾语时可省略。 关系代词和关系副词都不能省词用法上的区别 略。关系代词不能用that。 书写上的区别 主句和从句之间不加标点。 主句和从句之间有逗号。 汉译时的区别 汉译时通常放在所修饰词前。 汉译时一般都令成一句。 选用关系代词还是关系副词？

如果从句中缺少主语、表语、宾语、定语，就用关系代词引导从句；如果从句中缺少状语，就得用关系副词来引导从句。

I still remember the days which we spent together. I still remember the days when we worked together. 二、关系代词

1）关系代词代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、定语，因此定语从句中不能再出现关系代词所替代的名词或代词。 2）关系代词作主语时不能省略 3）关系代词作宾语时可省。

4）关系代词that作表语时可省略。 1. who

指人，在定语从句中可充当主语、宾语或表语。 I know about the man who spoke to you just now.

The man (who) we invited to the party is Professor Smith. 2. whom

指人，在定语从句中作宾语，口语中也可用who代替。 Here is the man (whom/who) you are looking for. 3. whose

可修饰人也可修饰物，在定语从句中作定语。

This is the scientist whose name is known all over the world. 指物时：whose + n. = the + n. + of which/whom. The room whose windows face south is mine.

= The room the windows of which face south is mine. 4. which

指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语。 China is a country which has a long history.

5. that既指人也可指物，从句中作主语、宾语或表语，可代替who, whom, which，但习惯上常用who, whom指人，用which指物。

The woman that spoke to me in the bookstore used to live next door. 三、只能用that不用which的情况

1. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时；

2. 先行词是不定代词all, little, much, everything等。

3. 先行词被any, every, no, one of, the only, the right, last, just等词修饰。 Are there any questions that trouble you much? 4. 先行词既指人又指物时。

They talked about the schools and teachers that they had visited. 5. 当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时。 Who is the man that is reading the newspaper over there. 6. 关系代词在定语从句中作to be的表语时。 Tom isn’t the boy that he used to be.

7. 先行词前有such或the same修饰，先行词和关系代词指同一物时。 This is the same bike that I lost two weeks ago. 四、只能用which不能用that引导定语从句的情况。

1. 引导非性定语从句时。

Football, which is a very interesting game, is played all over the world. 2. 当关系代词前有介词时。

This is the house in which he once lived. 3. 代替句子一部分或全部。

She studies hard at school, which makes her parents happy. 4. 先行词本身就是that时。

That which you told him about is what we want to know. 你告诉他们的事情就是我们想知道的。

五、只能用who不能用that引导定语从句的情况。

1. 先行词指人的不定代词时，如one, anyone, no one, all, anybody等 All who have studied this question have come to the same conclusion. 2. 先行词是those且指人时。

Those who want to go to the cinema will have to wait at the gate of the school. 3. 在there be结构中，先行词指人时。 There is a young lady who asks for you. 六、as引导的定语从句。

1. as 可作关系代词和关系副词引导性定语从句，即可指人也可指物，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或状语。常用在the same...as..., such...as..., as...as...等结构中。 Such teachers as know Tom think him bright. 认识汤姆的老师都认为他很聪明。(主语) I like the same book as you do.(宾语)

I shall do it in the same way as you did.(状语)

2. as引导非性定语从句，代表整个主句的内容。as在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。从句可放主句前也可放主句后。

As we all know, China has become a world famous nation.(宾语) Lu Xun, as is known to us all, was a great writer.(主语)—插入语。 类似插入语句式有：as is said above, as is known to all, as it is等。 七、关系副词when/where/why

代替先行词在定语从句中充当状语。 1. when

表时间，先行词是时间名词，如time, day, hour, year等。 I can't forget the night when I came to the farm.

2. where表地点，先行词是地点名词，如place, factory, house, village等。 The factory where his father works is in the west of the city. 3. why

表原因，先行词是reason.

This is the reason why he left early. 八、介词+which/whom

1. when, where和why引导的定语从句可用“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句替换。 Do you have any reason for which you should have a holiday?你要休假有理由吗？

2. 如果定语从句中的动词是一个不及物动词而先行词又作它的介词宾语，那么whom(指人)和which(指物)之间要加相关的介词。 The man to whom I spoke just now is our maths teacher. 3. 介词的确定

①根据定语从句中动词的某种习惯搭配确定。

He bought a large beautiful house on which he spent all his money. ②依据先行词的某种习惯搭配。

There is no way in which it could be brought back to the earth.没有办法把它带回地面。 ③根据所表达的意思确定。

The gas without which we can't live is called oxygen.

注意：①介词在前面时只能用which，不用that; 介词在后面时两者皆可用。 This is the house at which we works.=This is the house (which/that) he works at. ②避免重复。

This is the classroom where we have our classes in. (Ⅹ) where改成which ③固定的动词短语不能拆开。

This is the patient after whom she has looked. (Ⅹ) after应放在looked之后。

定语从句专项练习题

1. Nearly all the streets are in straight lines, ________ from east to west. Those ________ run from north to south are called avenues.

A. running; that B. run; who C. running; who D. run; that 2. This is the case ________ he’s had all his money stolen. A. when B. where C. that D. on which

3. Mr. Smith will pay a visit to Beijing this autumn, ________ we will enjoy the Olympic Games in 2008. A. where B. when C. which D. how

4. The artist will not paint people or animals but he will paint anything ________ . A. that the little girl asks him B. the little girl asks him to C. for the little girl to ask him D. what the little girl asks him 5. —How did you get in touch with the travel agent, Robin?

—Oh, that’s easy. I surfed the Internet and then called one ________ the telephone number is provided. A. which B. in which C. of which D. whose 6. October 15th is my birthday, ________ I will never forget. A. when B. that C. what D. which

7. The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point ________ he can walk correctly and safely. A. when B. where C. which D. whose

8. There are several research centers in China ________ a certain disease called Bird Flu is being studied. A. which B. where C. when D. what 9. I hope that the little ________ I have been able to do does good to them all. A. which B. what C. that D. when

10. The time is not far away ____ modern communications will become widespread in China’s vast countryside. A. as B. when C. until D. before 11. ________ is known to everybody, Taiwan is a part of China. We must unify it. A. It B. As C. Which D. What

12. I shall never forget the day ________ Shen Zhou V was launched, ________ has a great effect on my life.

A. when, which B. that, which C. which, that D. when, that

13. The bread my wife makes is much better than ________ you can buy at a store.

A. that which B. one that C. that of which D. this of which 14. There is no such place ________ you dream of in all this world. A. that B. what C. which D. as

15. The people, ________ had been damaged by the flood, were given help by the Red Cross.

A. all whose homes B. all of whose homes C. all their homes D. all of their homes

16. The humans are destroying nature day by day, ________ of course, will cause severe punishment from it sooner or later.

A. who B. when C. on which D. which 17. Is this research center ________ you visited the modern equipment last year? A. where B. that C. the one that D. the one where 18. Some pictures of the river brought the days back to the old ________ they swam in it. A. when B. that C. who D. where 19. The man showed us so heavy a stone ________ no man can lift. A. that B. as C. which D. and

20. He stayed there for quite a long time, during ________ time he learned much spoken English. A. that B. this C. which D. same

答案：ABABC DBBCB BAADB DDABC