新目标九年级词语辨析

Unit 10

Ⅰ. whole, all

辨析：whole和all作为形容词，都有“整个的”、“完全的”意思，但用法略有不同。

1. 与复数名词连用时whole的意思是“整个的”，而all表示“所有的”，近乎“每一个”。例如：It rained for five whole days. 雨下了整整五天。All my books are kept here. 我所有的书（每一本书）都储存在这儿。

2. whole和all在句子中的位置不同。whole紧接名词，放在the，或物主代词，或that之后；all则放在the，或物主代词，或that之前。例如：the whole time, her whole life, that whole morning; all the time, all her life, all that morning.

3. whole用于专用名词前要用定冠词the，all则直截了当用于专用名词前，不用定冠词the。例如：the whole China = all China 练习：用whole或all填空。

1. The teacher said, “Forty is a ______ number.”

2. Her ______ homework was finished with the help of the teacher. 3. ______ her homework was finished with the help of the teacher. 4. He spent ______day doing the work. 5. He spent the ______day doing the work.

参：1. whole 2. whole 3. All 4. all 5. whole Ⅱ. leave, forget

辨析：leave和forget两者差不多上动词，都含有“不记得”的意思。表示把某物“拉在某地点”用leave，如无具体地点，则用forget。例如：He said that he had left his book in the classroom. 他说他把书放在教室里了。I never forget her. 我永久也忘不了她。 练习：判定下列各句的正误，并把错误的改正。 1. I leave his address.

2. I forgot his address on the desk yesterday. 3. She mustn’t forget the letter on the table. 4. He forgot telling her about it.

5. Would you like to leave a message for him?

参：1. ×, leave→forget 2. ×, forgot→left 3. ×, forget→leave 4. √ 5. √ Ⅲ. on time, in time

辨析：on time意思是“准时、按时”，而in time意思是“及时、在规定的时刻”，不如on time时刻观念强。例如：Will the train arrive on time? 火车会准时到达吗? They were just in time for the bus. 他们及时赶上了公共汽车。 练习：汉译英。

1. 我们应当准时开会。

2. 及时到达了事故现场。

3. 由于下雪飞机没能准时起飞。

4. 难道我没告诉你要按时到这儿吗？

5. 我们正好赶上了那辆公共汽车。

参：

1. We must have a meeting on time.

2. The policemen reached the place where the accident happened in time. 3. The plane can’t take off on time because of snow. 4. Didn’t I tell you to be here on time? 5. We were just in time to catch the bus.

Unit 11

Ⅰ. pass, past

辨析：pass 是动词，有“通过、通过、传递”等意思；past是形容词、副词、介词、名词，意思分别是“过去的；通过；过……；过去、往事（与the连用）”。例如：Please pass me a glass of water. 请递给我一杯水。That has been my life for these past ten years. 那确实是我十年来的生活。He walked past without noticing me. 他走了过去没注意到我。It is half past seven. 现在七点半了。We can’t change the past. 我们不能改变过去。 练习：单项选择。

1. Did you ______ the exam? A. pass B. past C. passed D. passing 2. I went ______ her house. A. pass B. past C. passed D. passing 3. When she thinks of the ______, she feels happy. A. pass B. past C. passed D. passing 4. A week ______ quickly. A. pass B. past C. passed D. passing 5. The old woman is ______ eighty. A. pass B. past C. passed D. passing 参：1－5 ABBCB Ⅱ. exchange, change

辨析：exchange和change作动词时都有“交换；兑换”的意思，exchange强调调换，change则强调改变；作名词时exchange常指“交换、交换机、汇兑”，change则常指“变化、零钱”等。例如：I’d like to exchange some pounds for dollars. 我想把一些英镑兑换成美金。Let me change the dollar bill for coins. 让我把这张美元的纸钞换成硬币。An exchange of opinions is helpful. 相互交换意见是有益的。Many changes have taken place since then. 自那以来，发生了许多变化。

练习：用exchange或change的合适形式填空。 1. On second thoughts he ______ his mind.

2. We’ll have an opportunity to ______ views tomorrow. 3. You’ll have to ______ planes at Seattle.

4. What is the rate of ______ between the pound and the mark? 5. “Here’s your ______,” said the saleswoman. 6. In fall the leaves ______ from green to brown.

参：1. changed 2. exchange 3. change 4. exchange 5. change 6. change

Ⅲ. lend, borrow, keep

辨析：lend和borrow都有“借”的意思。lend是“借出”，指把东西借给别人，常与to连用；borrow是“借入”，指从别人那儿借进东西，常与from连用；lend后可接双宾语，borrow后不可接双宾语。lend和borrow差不多上非连续性动词，不能和表示一段时刻的状语连用，需要和表示一段时刻的短语连用时要用连续性动词keep代替。例如：Can I borrow your bike? 我能借你的自行车吗？Will you please lend me your dictionary? 把你的词典借给我用一下，好吗？You can keep this book for two weeks. 这本书你能够借用两周。 练习：用lend, borrow或keep的正确时态形式填空。（必要时可加助动词） 1. Yu Yue ______ the knife from Li Jun last night. 2. Li Jun ______ the knife to Yu Yue last night. 3. Who ______ you the bike?

4. How much ______ you ______ from him? 5. How long ______ you ______ that book?

参：1. borrowed 2. lent 3. lent 4. have, borrowed 5. have, kept

Unit 12

Ⅰ. seat, sit

辨析：seat和sit作为动词，都能够表示“就座”的意思。seat是及物动词，常以被动形式表示主动意义；而sit通常作不及物动词用。例如：He is seated between Jack and Tom. 她坐在杰克和汤姆之间。The students are sitting at their desks. 学生们正坐在课桌旁。Please be seated. (=Please seat yourself.)请坐。Sit down, please. 请坐。

seat 作名词用时，构成take a seat短语，此短语较sit down更正式、委婉、礼貌。另外，have a seat=take a seat或take one’s seat意思是“坐下，就座”。例如：Take your seat, please.请坐。

练习：指出下列各句中的一处错误，并改正。 1. I found him seating there. 2. She sat her baby on her knees.

3. Please take a sit, the manager will soon be here. 4. “Please seat you”, the teacher said.

5. Hu Peng seated beside me in every class. 参：

1. seating→seated/sitting 2. sat→seated 3. sit→seat 4. you→yourself 5. seated→sat Ⅱ. arrive, reach, get to

辨析：arrive, reach, get to三者都有“到达”的意思。arrive是比较正式的用语，get to是非正式用语，在口语中可代替arrive或reach；arrive为不及物动词，后需接介词at或in才能加地点名词。一样说来，到达的是一个大地点，如洲、国家、大都市等，用介词in，假如到达的是较小的地点，如车站、学校、村庄等，用介词at；reach是及物动词，后面直截了当跟表示地点的词；get是不及物动词，应借助介词to，“get to＋地名”是一个较一般的口头用法（get to后面直截了当加地点名词）；另外，arrive at/in, get to后面跟home, here, there等如此的副词时，应将它们的介词去掉。当表示达到某一年龄或高度时，一样用reach。例如：When did you arrive in Paris? 你是什么时候到达巴黎的？The train arrived at the station. 火车到站了。He reached Beijing yesterday. 他昨天到达北京。Can you tell me how to get to the zoo? 你能告诉我如何到达动物园吗？

练习：依照句意，用arrive, reach或get to的合适形式填空。

1. I will ______ in Beijing in a week. 2. When do you ______ to ?

3. I ______ home before it was dark yesterday. 4. Did you ______ at that town at eight last night?

5. The apples are too high for the students to ______ them.

参：1. arrive 2. get 3. reached /got /arrived 4. arrive 5. reach Ⅲ. used to do sth., be/get used to sth./ doing sth., be used to do sth.,

be used for sth., be used as, be used by 辨析：used to do sth.表示“过去常常… …”、“过去惯常… …”；be/get used to sth./doing sth.表示“适应于… …”；be used to do sth.意思是“被用来做… …”，to表示用途。例如：I used to go to office on foot, but I don’t do that now. 我过去老是步行上班，但现在不如此了。He is used to hard work. 他适应于困难工作。 I was used to driving in all kinds of weather. 我适应于各种气候条件下开车。A knife is used to cut something.小刀是用来切东西的。

be used for意思是“被用来做… …”，for表示用途；be used as意思是“被用作为… …”，as表示主语是什么；be used by意思是“被……利用”，by后跟人，强调使用者。例如：A knife is used for cutting something.(A knife is used to cut something.)小刀是用来切东西的。The book can be used as a text book. 这本书可用作教科书。This desk is used by Wang Li. 这张书桌是王力用的。

练习：汉译英。

1. 我过去常步行上学。

2. 我适应走路上学。

3. 她适应于困难工作。

4. 使用电子拖鞋在专门背地能看见。

5. 飞盘是大学生发明的。

参：

1. I used to walk to school.

2. I am used to walking to school. 3. She is used to hard work.

4. Electric slippers are used for seeing in the dark./ Electric slippers are used to see in the dark. 5. The flying disk was invented by college students.

Unit 10-12

Ⅰ. look at books, read books

辨析：look at和read作动词，都有“看”的意思，但含义有所不同。look at是强调动作，不强调是否看见，可用于进行时态；read强调阅读，作看明白、辨认、觉察解时不用于进行时态。例如：Look at the books, they are mine.看那些书，它们是我的。Don’t read books in the sun.别在阳光下读书。

练习：依照句意，用look at或read的合适形式填空。 1. ______ books in the sun is bad for your eyes.

2. ______ the blackboard, ______ the words aloud, please. 3. ______, the students ______ books over there.

4. Don’t ______ at books, ______ at pictures. Find out which pictures are ours. 5. I like ______ books very much.

参：1. Reading 2. Look at, read 3. Look, are reading 4. look, look 5. reading Ⅱ. also, too, either

辨析：also, too, either三者都有“也”的意思。also和too多用于确信句和疑问句中，also常用在句中（放在行为动词之前，系动词之后），而too常在句末（也可在句中，放在句中时前后加逗号分开）；either多用在否定句中，在句末。例如：I also went there yesterday.

(=I went there yesterday, too.)昨天我也去了那儿。He didn’t want to eat fast food, either. 他也不想吃快餐。

练习：依照句意，用also, too或either填空。 1. He didn’t feel like eating too much food, ______. 2. My sister ______ came to the party last week. 3. We’d better catch the bus, ______.

4. The books over there are , ______, theirs. 5. John is ______ 19 years old.

参：1. either 2. also 3. too 4. too 5. also