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2017下半年CATTI三级英译汉试题详解

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2017下半年CATTI三级英译汉试题详解

一、英译汉部分: 本次三级笔译英译汉部分试题与往年情况相仿,题材为人文话题,涉及英美国家语言文化。全文没有特别的繁难长句,四级程度核心词只有十三四个,六级级以上难度词汇只有recipient, flop, tricky, flowery, glean, gist六个。此外还有Anglophone、Globish两个偏词,总统难度中等偏低。 开篇首句很像一个强调句(It was... that...),但又非It was just one word in one email, 典型的强调句式,会给考生带来一点小小的别扭。One but it triggered huge financial word in one email也可能造成误解,译为“一封邮件里losses for 就有一个单词”,实际该理解为“一封邮件里的一个小a multinational company. 小单词”。Trigger义为“引发、触发”。Multinational指“的,多国的” 本节参考译文: 恰恰就是邮件里的一个小小单词,却导致一家公司蒙受了巨额经济损失。 The message, written in English, 本小节开始承接上文讲述事情的原委。其中,written in was sent by a native speaker to a English是分词作状语修饰主语“the message”,后面又colleague for whom English was a 用whom引导的定语从句修饰colleague,“for”修饰second language. Unsure of the “whom”,表示“对他而言(英语是第二语言)”。Unsure word, the recipient found two of...为分词结构(省略being)做原因状语。Recipientcontradictory meanings in his 指“收信/件人”。act on指“按……行事”。最后一句话dictionary. He acted on the wrong 比较孤立,但翻译时需要注意添加语句间的关联词one. 语。 邮件信息是一名以英语为母语的员工发给一位英语为第二语言的同事的。由于不确定一个词的意思,这位同事查了词典,发现这个词存在两个相互矛盾的意思,结果他却偏偏选中了错的那个。 本节参考译文: Months later, senior management flop意为“失败”,后面(costing...)是现在分词作结果状语。 investigated why the project hadflopped, costing hundreds of It...一句的谓语trace back to 意思是“追随到……”,此thousands of dollars. “It all traced 处指“归结于……”。 back to this one word,” says Chia a UK-based...在句中做同位语,后面有who引导的定Suan Chong, a UK-based 语从句进行修饰,because引导原因从句。此句结构相communications skills and intercultural trainer, who didn't 对复杂,在翻译时应重新整合语义,调整语序,合理reveal the tricky word because it is 断句,采用分译的方法。比如,who引导的定语部分属于次要信息,可以置于句后,起补充信息的作用即highly industry-specific and 可,尤其不能译为“……的……”这类定语。 possibly identifiable. “Things spiralled out of control because tricky 表示“棘手的”,identifiable表示“可辨认的”, both parties were thinking the spiral指“螺旋形运动” spiralled out of control指“……opposite.” 发展得失控了” 项目失败了,导致了数十万美元损失。数月后,公司管理层着手调查原因。身在英国的跨文化沟通技能培训师蔡孙重(Chia Suan Chong)表示:“最后,一切都是由这个词引起的。双方的理解南辕北辙,于是一切都乱了套。”但她没有透露这个引起麻烦的单词具体是什么,因为这个词高度行业化,一旦透露,很有可能暴露企业信息。 参考译文: When such misunderstandings happen, it’s usually the native speakers who are to blame. Ironically, they are worse atdelivering their message than people who speak English as a second or third language, according to Chong. 参考译文 It’s...who为强调句;be to blame是主动形式表示被动意义,译为“……应受到责备”。They指native speakers,deliver message译为“传达信息”。本句用than连接,是个比较句,说明英语为母语的人反倒不如英语作为二语甚至三语者更擅长表达信息。 蔡孙重说,类似的误解,通常是英语母语者的过错。更为讽刺的是,与将英语作为第二或第三语言的人相比,英语母语者反而更不擅长传达信息。 A lot of native speakers are happy that English has become the 本小节相对简单。最后的says Chong按照汉语习惯,world’s global language. They 置于前面较好。 feel they don’t have to spend time learning another language,” says Chong. 参考译文: 蔡孙重表示:“很多英语母语者很高兴英语成为全球语言,觉得不必再花时间学习其他语言了。” It turns out为插入语,可以不必译出。 The non-native speakers, it turns out, speak more purposefully and carefully, typical of someone speaking a second or third language. Anglophones, on the other hand, often talk too fast for others to follow, and use jokes, slang and references specific to their own culture, says Chong. says Chong也要前置翻译,与上一句话相关联,译文“……还说”。 Typical of...表示(……是……的典型特征,在本句起非性定语的作用,相当于,which is typical of...)。 Too fast for others to为典型的“too...to...”结构,表示“太……以至于不能……”; references原义为“参考、涉及、介绍信、引用”等多种含义,在本句中没有对应的意思,需要灵活处理。 蔡孙重还说,非母语者讲英语时更具有目的性,也更为小心谨慎,其他以英语为第二或第三语言的人也都参考译文: 这样。反之,英语为母语者往往语速过快,叫人跟不上,爱讲只有欧美文化背景的人才听得懂的笑话、俚语和典故。 “The native English speaker… is accommodate有“容纳,调解,使适应”的意思,与the only one who might not feel 其后的adapt to意思接近,翻译时取其一即可。 the need to accommodate or adapt she adds要译为“她补充道” to the others,” she adds. 参考译文: “只有英语为母语者才意识不到进行自我调整,关照他人的必要性,”蔡孙重补充道。 With在本句中引导原因状语,可译为“由于、鉴于”With non-native English speakers 等。 in the majority worldwide, it’s Anglophones who may need to up up their game字面意思为“升级他们的游戏”,但这个表达并不能清楚的呈现意义,因此要采用“意译”their game. 的方法进行信息补充,而不能“直译”。 参考译文: “Native speakers are at a disadvantage when you are in a lingua franca situation,” where English is being used as a common denominator, says Jennifer Jenkins, professor of global Englishes at the UK’s University of Southampton. “It’s the native English speakers that are having difficulty understanding and making themselves understood.” 鉴于世界上大部分人口并非以英语为母语,英语母语者还是很有必要加强自身的沟通交流能力。 at a disadvantage表示“处于不利地位、没有优势”; lingua franca为语言学学科术语,译为“通用语”,对于非英语专业的学生具有一定难度,但可以用词典查询或借助构词法知识猜测词义。 denominator也是语言学专业术语,词根nom意思是“name”,可以有助于猜测词义。另外也需要借助上下文确定该词的准确译法。 It’s ...that...为强调句型 Have difficulty doing...译为“有困难……,难以……” 英国南安普敦大学(University of Southampton)的全球英语教授詹尼弗·詹金斯(Jennifer Jenkins)表示:“在周围的人都把英语作为通用语的情况下,英语母语者实际上处境不利,因为他们难以理解别人,也很难传达自己的意思”。 参考译文: Non-native speakers generally use flowery表示“花的,华丽的”。 more limited vocabulary and simpler expressions, And then there’s cultural style理解容易出现错误。字面withoutflowery language or 看cultural style指“文化风格”,当需要区分“分化slang. And then there’s cultural 风格”了,也就说明了产生了“文化差异”。 style, Blattner says. When a Brit Brit指“英国人”,与Briton, Britisher同义,但略带reacts to a proposal by saying, “That’s interesting” a fellow Brit might recognise this as understatementfor, “That’s rubbish.” But other nationalities would take the word “interesting” on face value, he says. “贬义”。 understatement指“轻描淡写、低调陈述、含蓄陈述”。 take the word ...on face value指“按其字面意义进行理解” 参考译文: 非英语母语者通常使用有限的词汇,表达也相对简单,不会运用华丽的辞藻或俚语。而布拉特纳(Blattner)认为,这就导致了文化差异。当一个英国人说一项提议“很有趣”时,其他英国概会觉得,这不过是“很垃圾”的含蓄说法,但外国人就只会从字面上去理解这句话。 speak English internationally较为费解,字面意思是说“国际化地讲英语”,实质是讲由于缺乏国际意识,不懂在英语国家之外的场合如何恰当使用英语与人交流。 “不懂其他语言的英语母语者,往往缺乏国际意识,不懂得用英语和外国人妥善沟通”。 “English speakers with no other language often have a lack of awareness of how to speak English internationally.” 参考译文: 本小节的理解难度略有提高,出现了一些较专业的表In Berlin, Coulter saw German 达。翻译中需要灵活调整语序,使状语、定语等符合staff of a Fortune 500 汉语表达习惯。 companybeing briefed from their Californian HQ via video link. Fortune 500 company指“世界500强企业”。 Despite being competent in brief用作动词表示“(做)简报,摘要”,本句中用English, the 作被动语态表示“被简要通报,传达指示” Germans gleaned onlythe gist of what their American project HQ:HeadQuater的缩写 leader said. So among themselves glean本义表示“拾(落穗)”,引申为拾起,收集。 they came up with an agreed version, which might or might not the gist of指“要点,主旨” have been what was intended by come up with an agreed version想出一个大家认同的the California staff. (一致的)版本。 库尔特(Coulter)在柏林亲眼见过一家世界500强企业通过视频从加利福尼亚总部向德国员工传达指示。德国员工尽管英语水平不错,但也仅能勉强抓住美国项目领导的大意。于是他们自己内部商定了一种理解,至于是否如实反映了总部的实际意图,谁也说不准。 non-Anglophones非盎格鲁口音的人,即非英语为母语者。 参考译文: “Too many non-Anglophones, especially the Asians and the French, are too concerned be too concerned about:太过于在意某事 aboutnot ‘losing face’ — and nod nod approvingly点头表示同意。其中approvingly的翻approvingly while not getting the 译要由“副词”转类为“动词”,不可直接译成“赞message at all,” he says. 同地点头” 参考译文: 库尔特说:“不少非英语母语者,尤其是亚洲人和法国人,都太过纠结‘面子’问题,即使完全听不懂,也会点头表示赞同”。 That’s why Nerriere devisedGlobish — a distilled form Globish为一个新创词,有global与English混合而成,of English, stripped down to 1,500 通过构词法知识可以确定该词词义为“全球语”。 words and simple but standard distil本义表示“蒸馏,提纯”这里指“提炼出的”,grammar. “It’s not a language, it’s 用作定语。 a tool,” he says. Since launching Globish in 2004 he’s sold more strip down to 本义指“脱到只剩……”,这里比喻意than 200,000 Globish text books 义为“精简到……” in 18 languages. 为此,内里埃(Nerriere)发明了全球语,一种简化版的英语,其词汇量精简到1500词左右,语法既简单又规范。他说:“全球语不是语言,只是工具”。自2004年推广全球语以来,内里埃的全球语教材已售出20000余万册,涵盖了18种语言。 参考译文: “If you can communicate efficiently with limited, simple language you save time, avoid misinterpretation and you don’t have errors in communication,” Nerriere says. 参考译文: 本句句法简单清晰,理解没有难度。 翻译技巧上考虑使用“词类转换”,即“转译”法。 内里埃表示:“简化语言,限定词汇,有效沟通,就能节省不少时间,还能避免引起误解,杜绝交流失误”。 When trying to communicate in 本节的主句为It’s important to be receptive and English with a group of people adaptable,但是翻译中可以把“it’s important(这点很with varying levels of fluency, it’s 重要)”放在句末,加以强调。 important to be receptive and adaptable, tuning your ears into a receptive指“善于接受的,能包容的” whole range of different ways of adaptable指“适应性强的,能适应的” using English, Jenkins says. 参考译文: 詹金斯表示:用英语交流时,面对水平各异的人,我们应该怀着灵活包容的态度,去适应形形色色的英语用法,这一点很重要。 本句相对简单。 “People who’ve learned other languages are good at doing that, monolingual指“单语的” but native speakers of English generally are monolingual and not tune in to...指“收听,收看……” very good at tuning in to language language variation指“语言变体”,是较为专业的语variation,” she says. 言学术语。 参考译文: 她补充道:“学过外语的人擅长这点,但英语母语者由于只会一种语言,并太擅长适应各种语言变体”。 speed along有一路说下去而不管不顾的味道,what In meetings, Anglophones tend to they condise可视为插入语,其表达的味道也需要予以speed along at what they consider 关注。 a normal pace, and also rush to fill gaps in conversation, according to rush to 强调“急于……” Steggles. according to sb.按照某人的说法,即某人说道…… 参考译文: 斯特格勒斯(Steggles)表示,开会的时候,英语母语者容易语速过快,还自以为语速正常,而且经常急着插话。 He recommends making the same recommend后面接动名词作宾语,表示“建议做……”。 point in a couple of different ways a couple of表示“几种,几个,一些” and asking for some ask for some acknowledgement, reaction or action词汇acknowledgement, reaction or 语义接近,处理起来稍有难度。 action. 参考译文:

他建议,英语母语者用多种方式来表达同一个观点,同时请对方就自己所讲内容作出确认、反馈或反应。 2017下半年CATTI三级汉译英试题

二、汉译英部分: 本次笔译实务考查的话题仍然为当前中国经济社会发展热点话题,内容涉及气候变化,生态文明以及中国相应的和举措。该话题在中国工作报告,工作以及国际国内高峰会议上多由涉及。该话题也是各类翻译训练、辅导,平时训练的重点,多数句型已经形成规范表达,专业术语也已经形成规范。对此话题,广大考生应该并不感到陌生,应对起来不应感到困难。 原文及译文 文本分析 气候变化已不是单纯的环境保护问题,而成为本句涉及多个专业术语表达,如“气人类生存与发展问题。中国需要改变以煤为主候变化(climate change)”、“环的能源结构和高污染、高能耗的产业结构,以境保护(environmental 治理环境和应对全球气候变化。 protection)”、“高污染,高耗能(heavy pollution and high energy To address climate change has become a major consumption)”。 concern of the subsistence and development of 另外,核心词“应对”的翻译可以mankind, rather than a simple issue of 有多个选择,如“address, cope with, environmental protection. In an attempt to tacle”,甚至可以用“fight, combat”. govern the environment and address global 从句法结构来看,原文的句法和结climate change, it is imperative for China to change its coal-dominated energy composition 构相对完整,逻辑清晰,因此译文可以按照原文断句,无需重新组句。 and the industrial structure featuring heavy pollution and high energy consumption. 同时,积极应对气候变化也是中国参与全球治本句中的固定表达为“全球治理理的责任,也是实现可持续发展的迫切需要。(global governance)”、“可持续中国作为世界最大的发展中国家,需要积极推发展(sustainable development)”、动经济与能源的转型,以推动全球可持续发“发展中国家(developing 展。 country)”、“经济转型(economic transformation)” Meanwhile, to proactively cope with climate change is both an international duty for China to 从句法上看,此处两句合并翻译成participate in global governance and an urgent 一句即可,核心意思是“对于中国need to achieve sustainable development. As the 这个世界最大的发展国家来说,要largest developing country in the world, China 积极应对气候变化以参与全球治理,同时推动经济与能源转型以促also calls for a positive transformation in economic drive and energy consumption so as to 进全球可持续发展”。也可分开翻译,以求译文简洁,清晰。 promote a sustained global economic development. 长期以来,中国高度重视气候变化问题,把积“高度重视”的固定表达为“attach 极应对气候变化作为国家经济社会发展的重great importance to...”;“重大战大战略,把绿色低碳发展作为生态文明建设的略”为“significant/major strategy”。 重要内容,采取了一系列行动,为应对全球气专业化表达“绿色低碳发展”可译候变化做出了重要贡献。 为“green and low-carbon development” For a long time, China unwaveringly attaches great importance to addressing clime change, “生态文明”译为“ecological making it a significant national strategy for its civilization”。 social and economic development and “为……作出贡献”译为promoting green and low-carbon development “contribute...to.../make contribution as an important component of the ecological to...”。 civilization. China has already taken a series of 本句包含的语义较多,且相互关联actions and made great contribution to 度不高,建议采取“拆分”的手法,combating the global climate change. 译成两句话。 到2020年单位国内生产总值二氧化碳排放比本句中的术语表达较为专业,且不2005年下降40%-45%,非化石能源占一次能易从词典上查到,如“国内生产总源消费总量的比重达到15%,森林面积比2005值二氧化碳排放量(carbon dioxide 年增加4000万公顷,森林蓄积量2005年增加emissions per unit of GDP)”、“非13亿立方米。 化石能源(non-fossil fuels)”和“一次能源消费(primary energy By 2020, China will have reduced its carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP by 40% to consumption)”需要经过专门学习45% on the basis of its 2005 level, increased the 开可以准确翻译。 share of non-fossil fuels in primary energy 另外需要注意“增长/下降”百分比consumption to 15% and enlarged its forest area 的表达方式为“increase/decrease by by 40 million hectares and forest stock volume ~%”。 by 1.3 billion cubic meters. 中国还将在农业、林业、水资源等重点领域和本句中的专业词语为“重点领域”,城市、沿海、生态脆弱地区形成有效抵御气候可译为“key areas”或“major 变化风险的机制,提高抵抗能力。 sectors”,“生态脆弱地区”可译为“eco-fragile areas/zones”,也可China will also work hard to develop an 用描述的语句如“areas which is effective mechanism and enhance its capacities vulnerable to...”. to cope with climate change risks in some key 从句法上讲,本句的核心成分是:areas such as agriculture, forestry, water resources as well as in some cities, coastal areas 中国(在……领域)形成(……)机制,和提高抵抗能力。 and eco-fragile zones.

2017下半年笔译二级真题解析

英译汉第一篇:

本篇文章,充分体现母语作者轻松随意表述自然的特点,英文原句结构简单,用

词难度一般。但是处理成文体、选词和表达各方面恰当得体的汉语,需要一定的思考和调整.

You’ve temporarily misplaced your cell 这个段落理解起来并不困难,主要考的是phone and anxiously retrace your steps to 考生的中文表达习惯,尤其是对一些与汉try to find it. Or perhaps you never let go 语说法差异较大的部分,能不能地道而准of your phone—it's always in your hand, 确地译出来。 your pocket, or your bag, ready to be it's always in your hand, your pocket, or answered or consulted at a moment’s your bag,这个地方,可以参考译文的处理notice. When your battery life runs down 方法,加上动词,就显得简明而且读起来at the end of the day, you feel that yours is 有节奏。 running low as well. New research shows that there’s a psychological reason for consulted at a moment’s notice. consult一词其实就是指人们平常看微信之类的活such extreme phone dependence: According to the attachment theory, for 动,一旦理解了,也就比较容易处理了。 some of us, our phone serves the same When your battery life runs down at the end function as the teddy bear we clung to in of the day, you feel that yours is running childhood. low as well.这里的yours直译为人的电池,但在译文处理时可以转译,这样才符合汉 语的习惯。 According to the attachment theory, for some of us, our phone serves the same function as the teddy bear we clung to in childhood. 这个句子理解不成问题,难在要把里面的所有代词全都去掉,这样才显得简洁得体。 本句参考译文: 手机临时忘了在某处,于是慌忙返回寻找;手机从来不离身边,总是握在手里,揣在兜里或者放在包里,时刻准备回复消息或者检查即时信息。到了晚上,手机没电了,觉得自己整个人也身心俱疲。最新研究揭示了极端“手机依赖症”背后的心理原因:根据依恋理论,对有些人来说,手机和小时候紧抱在怀里的毛绒玩具熊的作用并无不同。 这个段落当中有比较复杂的细节,翻译时容易脱漏,在翻译时一定要注意英文当中每个动词都是有意义的,一定要在译文当Attachment theory proposes that our early 中体现出来,切忌出现囫囵吞枣式的译life experiences with parents responsible 文。 for our well-being, are at the root of our Attachment theory proposes that our early connections to the adults with whom we life experiences with parents responsible for form close relationships. Importantly, our well-being, are at the root of our attachment in early life can extend to connections to the adults with whom we inanimate objects. Teddy bears, for form close relationships.这个句子当中的”example, serve as “transitional objects.”成年人”在译文中转化为了“人成年后,The teddy bear, unlike the parent, is always 与其它人”这种说法更符合中文的习惯。 there. We extend our dependence on parents to these animals, and use them to We extend our dependence on parents to help us move to an independent sense of these animals, and use them to help us move to an independent sense of self.这里的两个self. 小词都有相关的含义,不能省略,一定要 在译文中体现出来。 本句参考译文: 依恋理论认为,幼儿时期父母对我们呵护有加,这种经历构成成年后与他人亲密关系的基础。更为重要的是,对幼时的依恋心理可能延伸到没有生命的物品上。例如玩具熊就是一种过渡性物品。泰迪熊和父母的区别在于它会一直在陪你身边。我们将对父母的依赖延伸到这些动物玩具身上,利用它们帮助自己形成意识。 A cell phone has the potential to be a“compensatory attachment” object. 与上一段相同,这一段当中的两个Although phones are often castigated for potential既要翻译,又要地道,因此都做their addictive potential, scientists cite 了转译。 evidence that supports the idea thatReport一词英文理解为“healthy, normal adults also report significant emotional attachment to special to make a formalstatement regarding something根据上下文结构省略了。 objects” 本句参考译文: 手机也可能成为这种“依恋代偿物”。尽管手机常常因容易令人沉迷而备受诟病,科学家引用证据支持以下观点:“在健康而正常的成年人身上也存在对特殊物品强烈的情感依恋”。 Indeed, cell phones have become a pervasive feature of our lives: The number of cell phone users exceeds the total population of the planet. The average The number of cell phone users exceeds the amount of mobile or smartphone use in the total population of the planet.这个句子在翻U.S. is 3.3 hours per day. People also like 译时进行了调整,否则讲不清道理。实际to be near their phones: A 2013 survey 上原文是指一些人可能会有多部手机,但cited by the Hungarian team reports that user一词直译为用户显得费解。 79 percent of users keep their phones with that 79 percent of users keep their phones them for all but two of their waking hours.Nearly as many people report being with them for all but two of their waking distressed when they’re separated from hours.这个句子同样需要按照汉语的说法进行处理。Waking hour直译为清醒时间,their phone. 也就是说除了睡觉以外 本句参考译文: 的确,手机在生活中无处不在:全球用户手机数量已超过全球总人口。美国人平均每天使用移动电话或智能手机的时间为3.3小时。人们也喜欢将手机带在身边:2013年一项由匈牙利进行的调查显示,百分之七十九的人除了睡觉以外不使用手机的时间只有两小时。差不多相同比例人的说自己不带手机就会心神不宁。 Phones have distinct advantages. They can 像follow,track这些与网络相关的用语,在pervasive feature:这里feature可以省略掉,不会损失更多的信息。 be kept by your side and they provide a 表达上都存在一些约定俗成的说法,需要social connection to the people you care 平时注意积累,不要望文生义。 about. Even if you’re not talking to your friends, lover, or family, you can keep their photos close by, read their messages, and follow them on social media. You can track them in real time but also look back on memorable moments together. These channels help you “feel less alone”. 本句参考译文: 手机的好处显而易见:可以随身携带,还能方便与自己关心的人保持联系。就算无法与朋友、恋人、家人直接通话,至少手机里的照片、短信能让你觉得他们近在咫尺。你也可以关注他们的社交媒体账号,不仅能查询他的即时状态,还能回顾与之相处的难忘瞬间。所有这些途径都足以令你“不那么孤单”。 第二篇 英译汉第二篇:相对而言本篇文章,用词简单,句式逻辑清楚,难度上并不大,只需要考生能够,紧密跟随作者的行文逻辑,文从字顺地进行调整,用一些比较初级的翻译技法,就可以解决. Many countries have adopted the principle of sustainable development it can combat against environment deterioration in air quality, water quality and ...viable role for every member in the world.. production .health education in developing countries.But some argue that it's a vague idea, some organizations may use it in its own interests, whether environmental or economic is the nature of interests. Others argue that sustainable development in developing countries overlook the local customs, habitude and people. 本句参考译文: 许多国家纷纷制定可持续发展战略,以便应对广大发展中国家所面临的环境恶化问题,保障空气质量、水质和生产安全,实践证明,卫生教育对推动世界各国的发展具有切实可行性。但有人认为,可持续发展的概念不够明晰,沦为部分组织原文加黑部分不完整。答案只能作为参考。 local customs, habitude and people.这类内容一定要逐字分析,不要出现意义空白, But some argue that it's a vague idea, some organizations may use it in its own interests, whether environmental or economic is the nature of interests. 本句中的idea和nature都要根据汉语习惯进行有效调整,以达到通顺的目的。 谋取自身利益的工具,将所有环境和经济问题都变成了利益问题。还有人认为,发展中国家在实施可持续发展战略过程中,时常会忽视当地风俗、习惯和民生问题。 Whereas interdependence is desirable during times of peace, war necessitates competition and independence. Tariffs and importation 本句用词非常俭省,句式较短,容易产limits strengthen a country's economic 生误理尤其是类似于war necessitates这vitality while potentially weakening the 类比较正式的用法,一定要在反复推敲economies of its enemies. Moreover, 的基础上,通过调整主语的方式,产生protectionism in the weapons industry is 比较通顺的译文。 highly desirable during such circumstances because reliance on another state for armaments can be fatal. 本句参考译文: 在和平年代,各国之间需要相互依存,战争时期,各国又必须相互竞争,追求。关税和进口有助于增强本国经济活力,同时削弱敌国的经济增长潜力。此外,战争条件下对武器制造业采取保护主义极为必要,因为对于他国的武器依赖可能会导致致命后果。 For the most part, eco-nomists emphasize free trade puts uncompetitive firms out of the negative effects of protectionism. It business,这类句子都属于经济学当中常reduces international trade and raises prices 用的口语化表达,需要找到在中文中的for consumers. In addition, domestic firms 对应说法。 that receive protection have less incentive to displaced workers and resources原文一innovate. Although free trade puts 个修饰词在译文中变成了两个,体现出uncompetitive firms out of business, the 处理的灵活和地道性,应该在翻译中注displaced workers and resources are 意。 ultimately allocated to other areas of the economy. 本句参考译文: 经济学家多半强调保护主义的负面效应,认为保护主义削弱了国际贸易,抬升了消费价格。不仅如此,受到贸易保护的本土企业往往丧失了创新动力。虽然自由贸易会将缺乏竞争力的公司淘汰出局,但失业工人和闲置资源会配置到经济的其它领域。 Imposing quotas is a method used to protect trade, since foreign companies cannot ship more products regardless of how low they set their prices. Countries that hope to help a new industry thrive locally often impose quotas on imported goods. They believe that help a new industry thrive locally各国为such restrictions allow entities in the new 了扶持本国新产业的发展壮大,这类句industry to develop their own competitive 子说法很多,但要注意表达的正式程度。 advantages and produce the products efficiently. Developing countries often use this argument to justify their restrictions on foreign goods. 本句参考译文: 设定限额是贸易保护手段之一,在此情况下,不论国外企业商品定价多低,都不能超额进口货物。各国为了扶持本国新产业的发展壮大,通常会对进口产品设定限额。这些国家认为,此类有助于新产业实体充分提升自身竞争优势,提高商品生产效率。发展中国家常常以这一观点作为对国外产品实施的借口。 Protectionism’s purpose is usually to create jobs for domestic workers. Companies that operate in industries protected by quotas hire 这一段落较为简单,主要注意名词的处workers locally. Another disadvantage of 理, quotas is the reduction in the quality of products in the absence of competition from Purpose foreign companies. Without competition, Reduction local firms are less likely to invest in innovation and improve their products and Reduction services. Domestic sellers don’t have an 这些词在处理时都可以按照汉语的习惯incentive to enhance efficiency and lower 转成动词。 their prices, and under such conditions, consumers eventually pay more for products and services they could receive from foreign competitors. As local companies lose competitiveness, they become pressured to outsource jobs. In the long-run, increasing protectionism commonly leads to layoffs and economic slowdown 本句参考译文: 贸易主义通常旨在为本土工人创造就业岗位。在限额行业内运作的公司只雇佣当地工人。限额的另一缺点是由于缺乏国国外公司竞争,国内产品的质量因此下降。由于缺乏竞争,本土企业往往不愿增加创新投入,也不想改变产品与服务质量。国内商家在提高效率和降低价格方面缺乏动力。这样一下,消费者们最终花更多的钱去购买国外竞争对手产品与服务。本土企业一旦丧失竞争力,就被迫要把工作外包出去。从长远来看,增加保护主义通常会导致企业裁员,引起经济衰退。

2017下半年笔译二级真题解析(汉译英第一篇)

汉译英部分: 这一段来自《中国问题》当中的《中国中医药问题》,这类题材在上课时有所涉及,词汇难度不大,主要难点在于长句的安排与断句。 本句属于一个比较标准的贴句译法,即不调整句式,也不用将其中一个句子变为从句,很多考生会把第二人类在漫长发展进程中创造个句子变为which从句,自以为得计,实际上这两个甚至后面的内容更加重要一些。了丰富多彩的世界文明,中句子重要性是一样的,华文明是世界文明多样性的而且此句中也不能乱用求雅替换去处理三个文明,这是政论文体正式而庄重的特征决定的。 重要组成部分。 前半句应当注意时态为完成时,这个时态如果能译出来,会给阅卷老师留下很好的印象。 组成部分:component 本句参考译文: Humanity has created a colorful global civilization in the long course of its development, and the civilization of China is an important component of the world civilization harboring great diversity. 本句主要考的是学生的选词能力和语感,“杰出代表”、“作斗争”、“形成和丰富”、“发展和昌盛”,“不仅……而且”等处,都对考生产生了影响,一不注意,就会出现中式的搭配,影响到最终成绩。 代表一词,译文选用了“representative feature”将一个潜在的问题解决得非常漂亮,因为representative这个中医药作为中华文明的杰出字本身做名词时会存在逻辑问题。 代表,是中国各族人民在几“生产生活实践”在译文中被简化了,实现上就是“每千年生产生活实践和与疾病天的工作与生活”,practice一词显得过分抽象,不符作斗争中逐步形成并不断丰合原文的风格。 富发展的医学科学,不仅为中华民族的发展和昌盛,作斗争不能译为struggle,因为带有挣扎、顽抗的贬义。 出了卓越贡献,也对世界文丰富一词转意为发展,这种处理很值得玩味,也就是明进步产生了积极影响。 说,译者更应该注意译文中词的搭配价值。 “发展和昌盛”选取了the nation's advancement and the country's prosperity,避免了词汇间的重复。 不仅而且的处理也显得很灵活,从这些词的转义和改变来看,这种在理解原文基础上的小小调整,正是深受阅卷老师推崇的做法,也就是所谓的“神似” As a representative feature of Chinese civilization, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a medical science that was formed and developed in the daily life of the people and in the process of their fight against diseases over thousands of years. It has made a great contribution to the nation's advancement and the country's prosperity, in addition to producing a positive impact on the progress of human civilization. 本句参考译文: 这一段落同样是顺译,但重点由选词转向了搭配和断中医药在历史发展进程中,句。 形成了独特的生命观、健康“生命观、健康观、疾病观、防治观”对于这种临时观、疾病观、防治观,实现形成的词不用紧张,直译为“对于生命、健康、疾病了自然科学与人文科学的融以防治的观点即可” 合,蕴含了中华民族深邃的哲学思想。随着人们健康观“实现了……的融合”/“蕴含……的思想”译文中将念变化和医学模式转变,中这一搭配转成了“代表了”,“覆盖了”这都属于译医药越来越显示出独特价文中对于搭配的自然调整,值得学生认真学习。 值。 第一句一共有三个逗号,译文断成了两句,为得是让句子不至于因为动词太多而过分沉重 TCM has created unique views on life, on fitness, on diseases and on the prevention and treatment of diseases during its long history of absorption and innovation. It represents a combination of natural sciences and humanities, embracing profound philosophical ideas of the Chinese nation. As ideas on fitness and medical models change and evolve, traditional Chinese medicine has come to underline a more and more profound value. 本句参考译文: 中医药与西医药各具优势,这一句体现了翻译工作中增译所能达到的效果。 相互促进,共同维护和增进“相互促进”如果按字面译为promote each other,并没民众健康。中医药已经成为有什么错误,但和原文结合得不紧,这里转为“共同中国公共医疗卫生制度的重使用,让国人……”就显得既贴切,又不违背原文。 要特征和显著优势。 “维护健康”正说反译为“保护人们不得病”,这种 处理就比较灵活。 TCM and Western medicine have their different strengths. They work together in China to protect people from diseases and improve public health. This has turned out to be one of the important features and notable strengths of Chinese public health system. 本句参考译文:

第二段来源:李克强在联合国粮农组织的演讲,内容比较平实,掌握起来不算困难。

“人人有饭吃,是人类最基本的生存权利,是一切的基础。”这个句子也可将后面“是一切的基人人有饭吃,是人类最基本础”做为平行结构来译。 的生存权利,是一切的长足、非凡这类形容词看来很难,实际上都是一些很基础。全球农业发展取得了简单的词,考试时一定注意,不要舍近求远,使用一长足的进步,但饥饿和贫困些怪异的表达。 依然是一种“无声的危机”,深深困扰着全人类。目前世“无声””困扰”同样都是很简单的词汇,但需要考界上还有8亿多贫困人口面生有很强的语内解释能力,在文章中形成简单而正确临着食物不足、营养不良的的搭配。 威胁。 “食物不足、营养不良”这类词都属于固定表达,需要在日常学习中积累,字典当中也会有这类搭配,靠在考场上生造是不行的。 本句参考译文: Food for all is, for mankind, the most fundamental right of survival, which serves as the basis for all other human rights. Great progress has been made in the global agricultural development. Yet hunger and poverty have remained a \"silent crisis\beings. Over 800 million poor people in the world still face the threat of food shortages and malnutrition. “肩负的”这类带有执行性、比喻或者拟人性的动词,如果主语是非人称名词,在翻译的时候要学会弱化或者转译,否则会带来效果不好的奇怪搭配。 再看一例: 促进农业发展,消除饥饿和“也正因为如此,许多国外强势品牌都在千方百计围”这句话中“品牌做文章”贫困,依然是世界面临的重绕 中国农村市场大做文章。大挑战,也是全人类肩负的这个结构如果硬译,就会显得非常生硬,不符合英语共同责任。国际社会应当携表达习惯 起手来,加强农业合作,更. In fact, many powerful western companies are also 多关注发展中国家、尤其是working most conscientiously on tapping this section of 一些最不发达国家的诉求。 Chinese market.将主语由品牌转为公司,读起来会比较舒服。 诉求一词听起来非常高大上,实际上就是calls, appeals之类的简单词汇。 To promote agricultural development and eradicate hunger and poverty remains a major challenge of the world and a common responsibility of mankind. The international community may join hands to enhance agricultural cooperation and pay greater attention to the calls of developing countries, in particular certain least developed countries (LDCs). 本句为无主句,处理时可以加we,或者如答案一样转应减少贸易保护,加强对最成被动,以efforts做主语,切忌不加主语变成不完整不发达国家农业技术、资金句,另外,前后两个半句间是明显的因果关系,加上等支持,提高全球农业生产一个so as to 难度并不大。 水平和粮食安全保障水平。 水平一词应该不译出,由抽象名词来代替。 Efforts should be made to curb trade protectionism and increase the technical and financial assistance to the agricultural sector of the LDCs so as to raise the global agricultural productivity and increase food security. 本句参考译文: 本句参考译文: 中国作为世界上最大的发展“任何时候”这类表达都属于专有说法 中国家,任何时候都是维护“兑现诺言”除了句子里的译法,也可以用honor our 世界粮食安全的积极力量。commitment. 尽管中国农业进一步发展面

不懈努力也可以译为 “work industriously.”

临不少困难,但我们仍将不

无饥饿、无贫困:用free from来说显得比较地道。 懈努力,用行动来兑现诺言,

主要依靠自己的力量解决好

要依靠自己的力量解决好吃饭问题。这种比喻比较生

吃饭问题。我们愿与世界各

动的说法,最好不要直译,转为“保证充足的食物供

国携手奋进,共同创造一个

应。”

无饥饿、无贫困、可持续发展的世界。

As the largest developing country, China will always be an active force for safeguarding world food security. Although China faces quite a few difficulties ahead in its agricultural development, we will continue to work tirelessly to deliver on our commitment through actions. We will ensure adequate food supply mainly on our own. We are ready to work with countries around the world to create a world of sustainable development that is free from hunger and poverty.

本句参考译文:

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