专业英语八级(翻译)模拟试卷207(题后含答案及解析)

专业英语八级（翻译）模拟试卷207 (题后含答案及解析)

题型有： 4. TRANSLATION

PART IV TRANSLATION

1． 作为中国最早的教育中心和科学研究中心，北京大学聚集了中国优秀的专家学者，不断开拓创新，改造发展，以培养出的高质量人才所做出的高水平科学成果深刻影响和推动着中国高等教育的航程。一百年来，以北京大学为代表的中国现代大学群，在中国走向现代化的历史中起了重要的先锋作用，形成了光荣的传统和优良的学术传统。

正确答案：As China’s earliest education and research center, Peking University, with a large number of China’s most distinguished specialists and scholars among its faculty, has consistently engaged itself in pioneering and development endeavors. With a large amount of high-level scientific research achievements produced by talents trained there, Peking University has provided a strong impetus to the development of China’s higher education system. Over the past one hundred years, a bunch of modern Chinese universities as represented by Peking University have spearheaded China’s historical advancement towards modernization and have formed a glorious revolution and academic tradition.

解析：1．本段为描述性文字，强调北大等著名高校所取得的成就在中国教育事业的发展过程中所起的重要作用，总体上宜采用现在完成时。2．第2句较长，应分析清楚句子成分。主语应为中国现代大学群，可译成a bunch of modern Chineseuniversities；“起先锋作用”可译成have spearheaded，形象鲜明，意思明确，也可译成have played anpioneering role in；“走向现代化的历史中”可译成historical advancement towards modernization。 知识模块：翻译

2． 龙，在苗族人心目中是吉祥如意的象征。苗家姑娘最爱将龙的变形图案打制成银饰装点在头上，或刺绣在衣裙中，编织于围腰上。苗族人民制作的龙船，十分精巧、美观。龙身由一只母船和两只子船捆扎而成，叫做“子母船”。无论子船还是母船，皆为独木镂空。两米多长的龙头，用水柳木雕刻，装有一对一米多长的龙角。龙头以主色不同，分为赤龙、青龙、黄龙。中国民族自古以来从不把人看做高于一切，在哲学文艺方面的表现都反映出人在自然界中与万物占着一个比例较为恰当的地位，而非绝对统治万物的主宰。因此我们的苦闷，基本上比西方人为少为小：因为苦闷的强弱原是随欲望与野心的大小而转移的。农业社会的人比工业社会的人享受差得多，因此欲望也小得多。况中国古代素来以不滞于物，不为物役为最主要的人生哲学。并非我们没有守财奴，但比起莫里哀与巴尔扎克笔下的守财奴与野心家来，就小巫见大巫了。中国民族多数是性情中正和平、淡泊、朴实，比西方人容易满足。

正确答案：In the minds of Miao people, the dragon is a symbol of good luck. Girls like best to adorn their hair with silver adornments shaped like dragons, to

embroider dragons on their skirts, and to weave dragon patterns on their “weiyao”—beautiful and delicate traditional costumes in the shape of aprons. The Miaos build exquisite dragon boats which, called “Mother-and-Son Boat”, consist of three canoes—one large and two small—that are strung together. Each of the carved boat head, more than two meters long decorated with a pair of horns over one meter long, is made from the trunk of a weeping willow tree. These dragon boats are classified into red dragons, blue dragons, and yellow dragons by the dominant color of their heads.

解析：1．本段为一般性说明文字，故应采用一般现在时。2．第1句的“吉祥如意”为中文四字词组，意指好运，可简单译为good luck。3．第3句的“精巧”可译为exquisite或artistic，但不宜译作delicate，因为后者还含有“纤细易损，需小心照料”之意。4．为描述方便，第4句与第5句合译。“独木镂空”可译为canoe，贴切原文的意思，英文读者易于理解。5．第6句突出龙头长度与壮观，可以以“龙头”(dragon head)为句子主语，将“两米多长”和“装有一对一米多长的龙角”译成补语紧随其后；“装有”可译为decorated with，突出其装饰效果。6．第7句的“分”指分类，译为classify，“主色”即主要的颜色，可译为dominant color。7．因本段文字的描述核心为“龙”，故翻译“赤龙、青龙、黄龙”时应不惜重复dragon一词，译成red dragons，blue dragons，and yellow dragons，以保留原文的文体特征。 知识模块：翻译

3． 中国民族自古以来从不把人看做高于一切，在哲学文艺方面的表现都反映出人在自然界中与万物占着一个比例较为恰当的地位，而非绝对统治万物的主宰。因此我们的苦闷，基本上比西方人为少为小：因为苦闷的强弱原是随欲望与野心的大小而转移的。农业社会的人比工业社会的人享受差得多，因此欲望也小得多。况中国古代素来以不滞于物，不为物役为最主要的人生哲学。并非我们没有守财奴，但比起莫里哀与巴尔扎克笔下的守财奴与野心家来，就小巫见大巫了。中国民族多数是性情中正和平、淡泊、朴实，比西方人容易满足。

正确答案：From ancient times the Chinese nation has never placed man in the paramount position in the universe. As reflected both in philosophy and in art, man has always held a well-proportioned position in relation to other objects in nature and has never acted as the absolute master over all other creatures. Thus we Chinese people in general have suffered less from mental depression than westerners, as the intensity of mental depression is generally determined by the magnitude of desires and ambition. People in agricultural societies enjoy much less material comfort than those in industrial societies, and accordingly they have much less desires. Moreover, freedom from detainment or enslavement by material possessions has always been taken as the philosophy of life throughout China’s history.

解析：1．本段为哲学思辨性文本，对古往今来中西方哲学思想进行比较分析，故宜采用现在完成时为总体时态。2．第2句的“为少为小”意思是“小于和少于”。需要注意的是less是不能作为表语的，例如“我的钱比你少”绝不可译成My money is less than yours，而应译成I have less money than you。同理，本句前半句不能译成Our depression is weaker and less，而应该对它的主语进行调整，改用“我们”为主语，增补动词词组suffer from作为谓语，前半句则译成Thus we Chinese people in general have suffered less frommental depression than

westerners：本句中的“基本上”的实际意思是“大致上”，不能望文生义译成basically．译成in general比较准确。3．根据本段文字的哲学思辨特征，第2句的“苦闷的强弱”可译成intensity of mental depression；“欲望与野心的大小”可译成magnitude of desires and ambition，形成相互对应；“随……而转移”在本句中可译成isdetermined by。4．第3句的“享受”实指“物质享受”，可译成动词enjoy，增补material comfort为宾语，意思精确，同时与mental depression形成鲜明对应。5．第4句在翻译时要注意正确理解个别词汇的现代汉语意思，如：“况”意为“况且”；“不滞于物”和“不为物役”当中的“物”指的是“物质”，“滞”可以理解为“因……而停止”或“被……所束缚”，“役”指的是“奴役”，这里的意思是“被……奴役”。所以这句话翻译成现代汉语应该是“而且中国古代一直以不被物质所束缚和奴役为最主要的人生哲学”，“素来”意为“从来”，所以可译成has always been。 知识模块：翻译

4． 广州人的平均收入在中国算是很高的，小康之家越来越多，所以，广州人上馆子吃饭乃是常事。广州的餐馆整天顾客盈门，这是因为，比起中国其他地方来，广州人特别注重吃。不少广州人喜欢上馆子喝早茶。在那里，小推车上装着各种“点心”，从一个桌子推到另一个桌子，供应顾客。每星期天一早，从七点开始，人们就起身上馆子，边喝茶，边吃早饭，边和朋友聊天了。

正确答案：Compared with people in most other Chinese cities, people in Guangzhou have quite high average income, and the number of well-to-do families has been rising steadily. For this reason, it is very common for Guangzhou residents to eat out. Restaurants in the city are congested with diners all day round, as the people in Guangzhou seem to be keener on having good food than those in any other parts of the country. The locals like to have their “morning tea” in restaurants, where a large variety of dim sum is served from carts wheeled from table to table. Early on Sunday mornings, a lot of people in Guangzhou are up since 7 o’clock and are already chatting with friends over tea and breakfast in various restaurants.

解析：1．本段描述当代社会生活的某一个侧面，故采用一般现在时为总体时态。2．第2句的“顾客”此处指食客，故可译为diner，比clients，customers等词语意思更明确；“顾客盈门”是典型的汉语表达形式，可根据意思译成be full of diners,be crowded with diners或be congested with diners等。3．“特别注重吃”指广州人对“吃”的重视程度，意思是广州人爱“吃”会“吃”，可译为pay extraordinaryattention to food或are keen on having good food；但不能译成中国式的英语enjoy eating.4．第3、4句意思联系紧密，可译为一句。“广州人”可译为the locals，以避免重复；“早茶”为当地特色，翻译时可加上引号；“点心”为dim sum，若不知，可译为dessert或snack，在从句中作主语，应译为被动语态。5．第5句表现广州人喝早茶这一重要社交方式，呈现给我们一幅广州人悠然自得地边喝茶吃吃早点边聊天的风俗画，可译成chat over their morning tea and breakfast，简洁明了，符合英文的表达方式。 知识模块：翻译

5． 清晨的街道俨然成为自行车的“洪流”，上班去的人们都穿上了五颜六色的夏服。8月盛夏，最高气温可达到三十七八度，不少姑娘穿起露肩、低胸、无袖的上衣，有的小伙子把背心捋上肚皮。在还用不起空调的普通人家，人

们特别关注电视台的天气预报和日历，不时地埋怨着：“这天真太热啦!”在惊呼、叹息中，盛夏似乎走得太慢了。

正确答案：The early-morning streets become rivers of cyclists clad in bright summer garments pedaling off to work. In the heat of August, when the temperature can climb as high as 38℃, many a girl put on low-cut sleeveless dresses and some young men roll up their T-shirts to expose their chests. With air-conditioning still being too luxurious in average families, everyone suddenly develops a passionate interest in TV weather forecasts and the calendar, while the hot summer days seem to crawl especially slowly away amidst a chorus of sleepy complaints, exclamations and sighs about the scorching heat.

解析：1．本段为写实性描写，故采用一般现在时为总体时态。原文清新明快，翻译时应尽量保持其风格。2．本段的中心内容是人们在炎热夏天的感受，故翻译第1句时应以“骑自行车、身着五颜六色的夏服去上班的‘人’”为主要描写对象，将两个分句合二为一，译成rivers of cyclists clad in bright summer garmentspedaling off to work。3．第2句的“达到”可译为climb，形象生动；“不少姑娘”可译成many girls或many a girl，表达出普遍性，“有的小伙子”则应译成some young men，与“不少姑娘”形成对比；“低胸”为low-cut；“露肩”“无袖”意思相仿，即为sleeveless；“捋上肚皮”意指把背心卷起来露出肚皮，故译为roll up…to expose their chests。 知识模块：翻译