黄浦区 2018 -2019学年度第一学期高三年级期终调研测试
英语试卷
(完卷时间: 120 分钟 满分: 140 分)
2018 年 12 月 14 日 第 I 卷(共 100 分)
I. Listening Comprehension Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1.
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A. Waiter and guest. B. Trainer and trainee. C. Policeman and driver. D. Teacher and student. 【答案】C 【解析】 【分析】
M: Madam, why didn’t you wear your seat belt? W: I’m sorry, sir. Will I have to pay a fine?
Q: What is the probable relationship between the two speakers 【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。 2.
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A. At Susan Baker’s. B. At the computer company. C. In his own office. D. In a restaurant. 【答案】D 【解析】 【分析】
W: Good morning. This is Susan Baker at Sunshine Computer Company. Is Michael Smith
there?
M: Sorry, he is out for lunch. May I take a message? Q: Where is Michael Smith most probably now? 【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。 3.
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A. Line 1. B. Line 2. C. No. 952. D. No. 925. 【答案】C 【解析】 【分析】
M: Could you tell me the best way to get to Shanghai Grand Theater?
W: Yes. You can go there by subway, Line 1 or 2. You can also take Bus No. 952. Q: Which bus gets to Shanghai Grand Theater? 【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。 4.
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A. He acted in the drama at the last minute. B. He finally decided to quit the drama.
C. He hesitated to play a role in the drama. D. He made up his mind to see the drama. 【答案】B 【解析】 【分析】
W: Wasn’t Steve supposed to take part in this new drama? M: Yes, but he backed out at the last minute. Q: What do we learn about Steve? 【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。 5.
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A. She isn’t sure whether Jessica will come. B. She can’t speak to Jessica now. C. Jessica is always late for activities. D. She can’t bear Jessica’s being late. 【答案】A 【解析】
【分析】
M: Jessica is already 40 minutes late. Do you think she changed her mind about coming to join us?
W: Actually, I can’t say for sure. Q: What does the woman imply? 【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。 6.
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A. Frank moved to the suburbs recently. B. John bought a new house in the suburbs. C. Frank is a friend of the Wilsons’. D. The Wilsons bought a new house at a good price. 【答案】D 【解析】 【分析】
W: Frank, did you hear about the house that the Wilsons bought in the suburbs? M: Yes, their friend John said that they got a very good deal on it. Q: What can we learn from this conversation? 【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。 7.
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A. The exam was easier than Jane had expecte
B. It’s easy for Jane to do better in the next exam. C. Jane failed to do well in the last exam. D. Jane has just forgot about the exam. 【答案】C 【解析】 【分析】
M: Listen to me, Jane, the exam is already a thing of the past. Just forget about it.
W: That’s easier said than done.
Q: What can we infer from the conversation? 【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。
8.音频
A. Buy some new furniture. B. Complain to the landlord.
C. Hunt for a new apartment. D. Change the content of a rent contract. 【答案】C 【解析】 【分析】
W: Have you got a chance to talk to your landlord about your rent contract yet? M: Not yet. Don’t you think he will let me go away? Q: What will the man most probably do next? 【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。 9.
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A. She didn’t feel like going. B. She didn’t think it would be fun. C. She hadn’t been invite D. She wasn’t feeling well last night. 【答案】A 【解析】 【分析】
M: Why didn’t you show up at Sandy’s party last night? We missed you a lot. W: I just didn’t think I was in a party mood. Q: Why didn’t the woman attend the party? 【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。 10.
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A. Invest in the old model. B. Have the old washing machine fixed. C. Buy a new washing machine. D. Design a new style model. 【答案】C 【解析】 【分析】
W: My washing machine is more than fifteen years old and it wouldn’t work last night. M: I don’t think it worth repairing. So it might be time to invest in a new model. Q: What does the man suggest the woman do? 【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions are based on the following passage.11.
A. It is only famous for being America’s backyard.
B. Quebec is its largest province, which is eight times larger than UK. C. The area of Ontario is larger than that of Spain and France combined. D. All of the Canadians will speak French while they are in Ottawa. 12.
A. Enjoy the Pacific Ocean on the western coast of Canada. B. Breathe fresh air in the beautiful mountains. C. Experience incredible hiking and limitless wildlife. D. Visit the city of Vancouver on Vancouver Island. 13.
A. Niagara Falls is the oldest natural wonders of the world. B. Rainbows can be easily seen above the mists from miles away.
C. Visitors can appreciate breathtaking views of the Falls from different angles. D. Newly married couples visit the Falls after the wedding. 【答案】11. C 12. D 13. C 【解析】
Canada is not just America’s backyard, but a world of all its own as well. This land of unspoiled nature and European-style cities is a country that warms tourists’ souls with its many beautiful treasures.
Quebec is Canada’s largest province. Seven times the size of the UK, it offers beautiful scenery and modern cities with European charm. Ontario is Canada’s second largest province. It’s larger than Spain and France combined. The Ontario landscape
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varies greatly, and it offers many outdoor activities for travelers. Ottawa is Canada’s capital. You’ll hear a lot of Canadian French spoken here. People enjoy natural lifestyles and seem happy to jog or cycle to work.
British Columbia shoulders the Pacific Ocean on the western coast of Canada. This province offers fresh air, beautiful mountains, incredible hiking and limitless wildlife and whale adventures. British Columbia’s capital city, Victoria, is at the southern tip of Vancouver Island. Despite its name, the city of Vancouver is not on Vancouver Island, but on the Canadian mainland.
As one of the greatest natural wonders of the world, Niagara Falls has attracted visitors from around the world for hundreds of years. On sunny days, rain bows rise just above the mists. The loud noise of the Falls can be heard from miles away and visitors can board a boat, a cable car, or a helicopter for more breathtaking views of the Falls. Among the 12 million annual tourists to Niagara Falls are some 50,000 honeymooning couples. It is something of a tradition in the northeastern United States and Canada for newly married couples to visit the Falls. Which of the following is TRUE about Canada?
What are you not likely to do in British Columbia province? Why is Niagara Falls so attractive? 【11题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。 【12题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。 【13题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
Questions are based on the following passage.14.
A. To prepare the students for the next reading assignment. B. To provide background information for a class discussion. C. To review material from a previous lesson. D. To prepare for a quiz on chapter six.
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15. A. Insurance companies. B. Sailors. C. Manufacturers. D. Merchants. 16.
A. They include features similar to earlier policies.
B. They are totally different from the ones in the Middle Ages. C. They contain only four earlier policies in chapter six. D. They don’t provide shipping protection any more. 【答案】14. B 15. D 16. A 【解析】
I hope you’ve all finished reading the assigned chapter on insurance—so that you are prepared for our discussion today. But, before we start, I’d like to mention a few things your text doesn’t go into.
It’s interesting to note that insurance has existed in some form for a very long time. The earliest insurance policies provided shipping protection for merchants as far back as 3000 B.C.
In general, the contracts were often no more than oral agreements. They granted loans to merchants with the understanding that if a particular shipment of goods was lost at sea, the loan didn’t have to be repaid. Interest on the loans varied according to how risky it was to transport the goods. During periods of heavy robbery at sea, for example, the amount of interest and the cost of the policy went up considerably. So, you can see how insurance helped encourage international trade. Even the most cautious merchants became willing to risk shipping their goods over long distances when they had this kind of protection available.
Generally speaking, the basic form of an insurance policy has been pretty much the same since the Middle Ages. There are four points that were marked then and remain important in all polices today. These were outlined in chapter six and will serve as the basis for the rest of today’s discussion. Can anyone tell me what one of those points might be?
Why does the speaker give such a talk?
Who were the first insurance contracts designed to protect? What does the speaker say about current insurance policies?
【14题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。 【15题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。 【16题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
Questions are based on the following passage.17.
A. He just has no time to buy one. B. He grew up after it became common. C. He thinks a good one costs too much. D. He doesn’t think it does good to life. 18. A. A computer. B. A video camera. C. An FM radio. D. A fax machine. 19.
A. He thought telephone bills might be a burden.
B. He was disappointed at the telephones on each street corner. C. He believed he simply didn’t need it for anything. D. He would contact his friends with the help of his computer. 20.
A. He gets great enjoyment when he goes on the Internet. B. He regards the jet plane as the only modern form of media. C. He links up with people from foreign countries by the Internet.
D. He thinks the international communication won’t develop without the jet plane 【答案】17. D 18. C 19. C 20. B 【解析】
W: Robert, I know you have special feelings about the media.
M: I do. I’ve never had a television in my life. I grew up before television was really common and I just don’t have time for it. I think you have to look at the trade-off for whatever you do. W: What do you mean by trade-off?
M: What it costs, not only in money, but in terms of whether it does good to your life. I have no real machines in my apartment. Well, I do have an FM radio.
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W: Yeah, what do you listen to?
M: Oh, weather reports, good music. And I have a telephone now, but I lived for eight years without one.
W: Eight years without a telephone?
M: Well, I discovered there were telephones on every street corner and I really didn’t need one for anything. W: Do you have a computer?
M: I do not own a computer. Because when I go on the Internet, I’m always disappointed. You see, I think modern technology destroys all the beauty and meaning in life. That’s not the way I want to live my life.
W: Aren’t there any good things that the modern media brings us?
M: Well, the only modern form of media I really like is the jet plane. I mean, I know it’s not “the media,” but I really consider it to be a form of communication. It has allowed me to travel all over the world. I get great enjoyment out of traveling. I link up with people from foreign countries, I meet them, I talk to them, and so in that way, the jet plane has improved international communication, much more than fax or email will ever do.
W: What an interesting idea! Thank you, Robert. Why has Robert never had a television in his life?
Which type of modern machine does Robert have now in his apartment? According to Robert, why didn’t he have a telephone for eight years? Which of the statements is TRUE about Robert according to the conversation? 【17题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。 【18题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。 【19题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。 【20题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
Ⅱ. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A
Directions:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Just How Buggy is Your Phone?
What item in your home crawls with the most germs? If you say ___21___ toilet seat, you’re wrong. Kitchen sponges top the list. But cell phones are pretty dirty too. They contain around 10 times as many germs as toilet seats. People touch their phones, laptops, and other digital devices all day long, yet rarely clean them.
In one incident, a thief paid a terrible price for stealing a germy cell phone. He stole it from a hospital in Uganda during a widespread of the deadly disease Ebola. The phone’s owner reported the theft before ___22___(die)from the disease. Soon, the thief began showing symptoms and finally ___23___(confess)to the crime.
___24___ in that unusual case a cell phone carried dangerous bacteria, not all germs are bad. Most cause no harm. In fact, they could provide helpful information. Look at the surface of your phone carefully. Do you see some dirty mars? “That's all you,” says microbial ecologist Jarrad Hampton-Marcell. “That’s biological information.”
It turns out that the types of germs that you apply all over your phone or tablet are different from ___25___ of your friends and family. They’re like a fingerprint that could identify you. Some day in the future, investigators may use these microbial fingerprints to solve crimes. Phones and digital devices may be one of the best places to look for buggy clues.
In a 2017 study, researchers sampled a range of surfaces in 22 participants’ homes, ___26___ countertops and floors to computer keyboards and mice. Then they tried to match the microbial fingerprints on each object to its owner. The office equipment was easiest to match to its owner. In an ___27___(early)study, a different group of researchers found that they could use microbial fingerprints to identify the person
who ___28___(use)a computer keyboard even after the keyboard sat untouched for two weeks at room temperature.
One day, microbial signatures might show ___29___ people have gone and what they have touched. They could prove ___30___ an unmarked device is yours. So, sure, your phone is pretty germy. Does that inspire you, or does it just bother you? 【答案】21. the
22. dying 23. confessed 24. Although/Though 25. those 26. from 27. earlier 28. had used 29. where 30. that 【解析】 【分析】
这是一篇说明文。手机等电子产品携带者大量的危险细菌，但是另一方面，并不是所有的细菌都是危险的，手机等电子产品携带的病菌能够像指纹一样确定人们的身份。 【21题详解】
考查冠词。句意：如果你说马桶座圈，那你就错了。the表示特指，表示马桶不是家居中细菌最多的物品。故填 the 。 【22题详解】
考查省略句。句意：手机的主人在死于疾病前报告了失窃事件。本句为before引导的时间状语从句，从句中省略了he was ，还原回来为：he was dying。故填 dying 。 【23题详解】
考查一般过去时。句意：不久，小偷开始出现症状，最后认罪。and并列连接begin的过去式began和confess的过去时confessed。故填confessed 。 【24题详解】
考查连词。句意：虽然在这种不寻常的情况下，手机携带着危险的细菌，但并非所有的细菌都是有害的。分析句子可知，句子缺少从属连词，根据主从句的转折意思，判断出从句填从属连词Although/Though。故填Although/Though 。 【25题详解】
考查代词。句意：事实证明，在你手机或平板电脑上的细菌类型与你的朋友和家人的细菌类型不同。根据句意可知，是两种细菌类型不同，所以这里的those指代的是 the types of germs。故填 those。 【26题详解】
考查介词。句意：在2017年的一项研究中，研究人员对22个参与者家中的一系列表面进行了取样，从台面和地板到电脑键盘和鼠标。from..to.“从到”为固定短语。故填 from。 【27题详解】
考查形容词比较级。句意：在一项早期的研究中。由前文的“In a 2017 study”可以判断出，本空所表示的时间比2017年早，所以用early的比较级earlier。故填 earlier 。 【28题详解】
考查过去完成时。句意：在一项早期的研究中，一组不同的研究人员发现，即使键盘在室温下未动过两周的情况下，他们也可以用微生物指纹来识别使用电脑键盘的人。分析句子可知，use所表示的动作发生在过去动作identify之前，所以用过去完成时。故填had used 。 【29题详解】
考查连接词。句意：总有一天，微生物特征可能显示人们去了哪里，接触了什么。及物动词show后接宾语从句，宾语从句中缺少地点状语，所以填连接词where。故填where 。 【30题详解】
考查连接词。句意：他们可以证明一个没有标记的装置是你的。prove后接宾语从句，宾语从句句子成分完整，所以填连接词that。故填 that。 【点睛】状语从句中的主谓省略
① 在以if、when、before、though、unless、as、as if等连词引导的从句中，如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致,而且从句中的谓语动词是be，可以将状语从句中的主谓省略。 ② 如果从句主谓语是it is或it was，可以省略主谓结构， if it is possible, when it is necessary 等都是这种结构。
本句为before引导的时间状语从句，从句中省略了he was ，还原回来为：he was dying。故小题2填dying。 Section B
Directions:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
The Nile
The ancient Greek writer Herodotus once described Egypt-with some envy-as‘the gift of the Nile’. The Egyptians depend on the river for food, for water and for life. The Ancient Egyptians were able to control and use the Nile, creating the earliest irrigation systems and developing a prosperous ___31___.
Snaking through the deserts, the Nile would flood almost ___32___ each year in June. Once the water subsided, a rich deposit of sand was left behind, making an excellent topaoil. Seeds were sown, yielding wheat, barley, beans, lentils and leeks. Drought could spell disaster for the Egyptians, so during the dry seasons, they dug basins and channels to deliver water to their land. They also devised simple channels to transfer water at the peak of the flood.
An early system of ___33___ a Nilometer, was used to de determine the size of the floods. Later, during the New Kingdom, a lifting system called a shaduf was used to raise water from the river--___34___ to the way in which a well is used today.
The Egyptians took up some of the earliest trading missions. Without a(n) ___35___ system they exchanged goods, bringing back timber, precious stones, pottery, spices and animals. Their efforts in medicine were also ___36___ advanced: surgeons performed operations to remove cysts(囊肿). Mummification gave them great understanding of the human body-yet they also relied heavily on various medicines to prevent disease, and discoveries were often confused with superstition(迷信). And while a great deal of time was dedicated to ___37___ the Egyptians thought the stars were gods.
By the 16th century Egypt was under the Ottoman Empire until Britain seized control in 1882. What is now mostly Arabic Egypt only won ___38___ from Britain after World War Ⅱ. The Suez Canal, opened in 1869, _____39_____the country as a center for world transportation. But it, and the completion of the Aswan High Dam in 1971 ___40___ the ecology of the Nile, which now struggles to satisfy the country’s rapidly growing population, currently more than 76 million-the largest in the Arab world.
【答案】31. G 32. J 33. A 34. B
35. D 36. C 37. E 38. I 39. H 40. F 【解析】
这是一篇说明文。介绍了尼罗河对埃及的恩泽。 【31题详解】
考查名词。句意：古埃及人能够控制和使用尼罗河，创造了最早的灌溉系统，建立了繁荣的文明。prosperous为形容词修饰名词civilization“文明”。prosperous civilization“繁荣的文明”符合句意。故G选项正确。 【32题详解】
考查副词。句意：尼罗河蜿蜒穿过沙漠，几乎每年六月都会泛滥。invariably“不变地”为副词修饰动词flood。表示每年六月份，尼罗河都雷打不动地泛滥。故J选项正确。 【33题详解】
考查名词。句意：早期的测量系统， 一种水位计被用来确定洪水的大小。of 为介词后接名词作宾语。由a Nilometer可知，它是早期的测量系统，所以of后接名词measurement。故A选项正确。 【34题详解】
考查形容词。句意：后来，在新王国时期，一个称为shaduf的提升系统被用来从河中提水----类似于今天使用水井的方式。be similar to “与……相似”为固定短语。这里用similar to这个形容词短语解释说明两种方式的相似性。故B选项正确。 【35题详解】
考查形容词。句意：没有货币制度，他们交换货物，带回木材，宝石，陶器，香料和动物。system为名词,被形容词修饰。根据they exchanged goods，可判断出他们没有货币制度，所以system被形容词monetary“货币的”所修饰。故D选项正确。 【36题详解】
考查副词。句意：他们在医学方面的努力也取得了显著进展。advanced为形容词，应被副词所修饰。由“surgeonsprevent disease, ”可判断出他们所取得成就是非常显著的。所以判断出副词remarkably“显著地”修饰形容词advanced。故C选项正确。 【37题详解】
考查名词。句意：虽然有大量的时间用于天文，但埃及人认为星星是上帝。to 为介词后接名
词作宾语。根据句意，可知，主从句句意转折，来表示埃及人虽然把大量的时间用在天文学上，却认为星星是他们的上帝。所以判断出to后接astronomy“天文学”。故E选项正确。 【38题详解】
考查名词。句意：埃及在第二次世界大战之后，摆脱了英国的统治，获得了独立。won为及物动词后接名词作宾语。由Britain after World War Ⅱ可知，埃及赢得了独立，所以won后接名词independence“独立”作宾语。故I选项正确。 【39题详解】
考查一般过去时。句意：1869年开通的苏伊士运河将该国定义为世界交通中心。分析句子可知，本句为一般过去时且缺少谓语动词，也就是空处应填的动词。defineas“确定……为”为固定短语符合句意。故 H 选项正确。 【40题详解】
考查一般过去时。句意：1971年阿斯旺大坝的建成改变了尼罗河的生态。分析句子可知，本句为一般过去时且缺少谓语动词，也就是空处应填的动词。alter“改变”为及物动词后接名词the ecology of the Nile作宾语且符合句意。故 F选项正确。 Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension Section A
Directions:For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Keeping The Taps Running in Thirsty Cities
Water covers 71% of Earth’s surface yet only 2% of it is accessible as a source of fresh water. ___41___ on this limited resources is rising, a trend likely to continue.
It is important to recognize that it is not just city residents who ___42___ water. Agriculture, industry and tourism often require more water than the municipal water supply. Globally, 70% of fresh water is ___43___ for agriculture, but locally in heavily irrigated(灌溉)areas this can increate to 90%. A healthy environment also requires fresh water, and the quality of available water is as important as its ___44___.
Water stress is not always caused by physical shortages in dry areas. ___45___
for water resources between different users within river catchments or basins can also be a cause.
Every thirsty city operates within its own context, ___46___ to the challenge of providing adequate water supplies. Cape Town, ___47___, has faced three years of drought during which winter rains failed to materialize. At the end of the 2017 rainy season the city faced the ___48___ of its dams running dry during 2018. The dams were only 37% full—in the same week four years before they were full to the top. In January 2018, it was ___49___ that Cape Town would reach Day Zero, when it would be forced to turn off the taps, in April. This was despite the city reducing its water use by more than half, from 1.2 billion litres a day in 2015 to fewer than 600 million litres, and working ___50___ with industry and agriculture to reduce demand.
On February 1, the authorities put in place a strict limit of 50 litres of water per person per day. ___51___, in Britain this is considered enough for a five-minute shower of half a washing machine cycle on full load.
In addition, a ban was placed on using ___52___ water for gardens, water management devices were installed at household with a high water use and the water pressure was reduced to cut demand and leaks. At the same, the city launched a media ___53___ to change habits and introduced higher duties. This is not without its costs; agriculture and tourism, both significant areas of employment, have ___54___. It is a classic example of the problem of water economics-the cost of water is low but the cost of a lack of water is very high.
Crises such as the Cape Town drought are in danger of becoming the new norm. The ___55___ of Day Zero must serve as a wake-up call for cities across the world to develop cost-effective water management strategies to cope with an uncertain future. 41. A. Impact B. Pressure C. Impression D. Observation 42. A. recycle B. waste C. consume D. apply
43. A. restored B. abstracted C. separated D. preserved 44. A. change B. source C. origin D. volume
45. A. Competition B. Protection C. Construction D. Regulation 46. A. contributing B. regarding C. responding D. referring
47. A. in addition B. for example C. on the contrary D. as a result 48. A. prospect B. illustration C. symptom D. security 49. A. reported B. presented C. predicted D. explained
50. A. respectively B. increasingly C. restrictively D. extensively 51. A. By comparison B. In other words C. To our surprise D. What’s more 52. A. feasible B. drinkable C. inevitable D. influential 53. A. campaign B. statement C. presentation D. advertisement 54. A. invaded B. liberated C. suffered D. proceeded 55. A. change B. theory C. record D. threat
【答案】41. B 42. C 43. B 44. D 45. A 46. C 47. B 48. A 49. C 50. D 51. A 52. B 53. A 54. C 55. D 【解析】
这是一篇说明文。作者通过开普敦缺水以及所采取的措施告诉我们，有限的淡水资源成本很低，但是缺水的成本非常高，呼吁世界各地的城市制定具有成本效益的水资源管理战略，以应对不确定的未来。 【41题详解】
考查名词辨析。A. Impact影响；B. Pressure压力；C. Impression印象； D. Observation观察。句意:对这一有限资源的压力正在增加，这一趋势可能继续下去。由下文可知，农业，工业，旅游业，城市居民都需要用大量的水，所以对于这有限的水资源的压力正在增加。故B选项切题。 【42题详解】
考查动词辨析。A. recycle使再循环；B. waste 浪费；C. consume 消耗；D. apply应用。句意:重要的是要认识到，用水的不仅仅是城市居民。城市居民用水，就是在消耗水资源。故C选项切题。 【43题详解】
考查动词辨析。A. restored 恢复；B. abstracted提取；C. separated分开；D. preserved维护。句意:在全球范围内，70 %的淡水被提取用于农业，但是在灌溉量大的地区，这一比例会增加到90 %。 2%的淡水中的70 %的水量被分配给了农业。故B选项切题。 【44题详解】
考查名词辨析。A. change改变；B. source源头；C. origin起源；D. volume容量。句意:
健康的环境也需要淡水，可用水的质量和水量一样重要。由“quality”可知，这里在把水的质量和数量进行同级比较。所以“quality”对应词为volume。故D选项切题。 【45题详解】
考查名词辨析。A. Competition竞争；B. Protection 保护；C. Construction 建设；D. Regulation规则。句意:河流集水区或流域内不同用户之间对水资源的竞争也是一个原因。由“Water stress is not always caused by physical shortages in dry areas”可知，短文在说明缺水的不总是自然原因造成的，还有人为之间的竞争造成的。故A选项切题。 【46题详解】
考查动词辨析。A. contributing捐助；B. regarding认为；C. responding回应； D. referring提及。句意:每个缺水的城市都在自己的环境中运作，应对提供充足供水的挑战。由句意可知，每个缺水的城市都在运作自己城市的水资源分配，以此来应对能够向生活中的各个方面提供充足水的挑战。故C选项切题。 【47题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。A. in addition除此之外；B. for example例如；C. on the contrary相反地；D. as a result因此。句意:例如，开普敦经历了三年的干旱，在此期间，冬季降雨没有出现。作者举例具有典型性的城市作为说明。故B选项切题。 【48题详解】
考查名词辨析。A. prospect 前景，； B. illustration说明；C. symptom症状；D. security安全。句意:2017年雨季结束时，这座城市面临着大坝在2018年干涸的前景。由“ The dams were only 37% full”可知，大坝的水位只有37%。所以大坝的前景不容乐观，在2018年具有干涸的可能性。故A选项切题。 【49题详解】
考查动词辨析。A. reported报道；B. presented提出； C. predicted 预测；D. explained解释。句意:2018年1月，据预测开普敦将在4月份达到“零日”，届时它将被迫关闭水龙头。由 “in April”可知，4月份是个将来的时间，所以所发生的事情都是在预测。故C选项切题。
【50题详解】
考查副词辨析。A. respectively各自地；B. increasingly逐渐地；C. restrictively限制地 ；D. extensively广泛地。句意:该市的用水量减少了一半以上，从2015年的每天12亿升降至不到6亿升，并与工业和农业广泛合作以减少对水的需求。由句意可知，该市的用水
量减少了一半以上，所以要在农业和工业的各个领域进行合作，目的是减少它们对水的需求量。故D选项切题。 【51题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。A. By comparison比较；B. In other words换句话说； C. To our surprise令我们惊讶的是；D. What’s more况且。句意:相比之下，在英国，这被认为足够在满负荷的情况下进行五分钟的淋浴，让洗衣机运转半个周期。将英国和开普敦进行比较。故A选项切题。 【52题详解】
考查形容词辨析。A. feasible可行的；B. drinkable 可饮用的；C. inevitable不可避免的； D. influential有影响的。句意:此外，还禁止将饮用水用于花园。由前文可知，城市的用水量减少了一半以上，可见淡水资源短缺严重，更不允许将饮用水用于浇灌花园。故B选项切题。 【53题详解】
考查名词辨析。A. campaign战役；B. statement阐述；C. presentation展示； D. advertisement广告。句意:此同时，该市发起了一场媒体运动，以改变人们的习惯。城市通过媒体运动的力量，以此来改变人们的习惯。故A选项切题。 【54题详解】
考查动词辨析。A. invaded侵略；B. liberated解放；C. suffered遭受； D. proceeded行进。句意:农业和旅游业这两个重要的就业领域受到了损害。由“This is not without its costs”可知，这并非没有代价，所以判断出农业和旅游业这两个重要的就业领域受到了损害。故C选项切题。 【55题详解】
考查名词辨析。A. change改变；B. theory理论；C. record记录； D. threat威胁。句意:“零日”的威胁必须敲响警钟，呼吁世界各地的城市制定成本效益高的水资源管理战略，以应对不确定的未来。由前文“Crises ”可知，缺水对人们来说已经是危机，威胁着正常的生产和生活。故D选项切题。 Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them. There are four choices marked A, B, C and D. choose the one that fits best according to the Information given in
the passage you have just read.
(A)
Despite an advertisement campaign suggesting wall-to-wall special effects, “Bridge of Terabithia” is grounded in reality far more than in fantasy. Adapting Katherine Paterson’s award-winning novel, the screenwriters David Paterson and Jeff Stockwell have produced a thoughtful and extremely affecting story of a transformative friendship between two unusually gifted children. The result is a movie whose emotional depth could appeal more to adults than to their children.
Jess Aarons (Josh Hutcherson) is a sixth grader with four sisters, financially tensed parents and a talent for drawing. An introverted(内向的) kid who is regularly picked on by the school buses, Jess forms a bond with a new student named Leslie (Anna Sophia Robb), a free spirit whose parents, both writers, are fondly neglectful. An attraction between outsiders, their friendship feeds on her words and his pictures; together they create an imaginary kingdom in the woods behind their homes, a world they can control and where their minds can wander free.
Beautifully capturing a time when a bully in school can occur as large as a monster in a nightmare and the encouragement of a teacher can alter the course of a life, “Bridge to Terabithia” keeps the fantasy in the background to find magic in the everyday. Gabor Csupo directs this, his first feature, like someone close to the pain of being different, fascinated in tiny, perfect details.
With strong performances from all the leads, “Bridge to Terabithia” is able to handle adult topics with sensitivity. As the emotional landscape darkens, those who haven’t read the book may be surprised at the sorrow the filmmakers cause without ever resorting to horror or terror. In other words, your children may cry, but they won’t be traumatized so badly.
Consistently smart and delicate as a spider web, “Bridge to Terabithia” is the kind of children’s movie rarely seen nowadays. At a time when many public schools are being forced to cut music and art from the curriculum, the story’s insistence on the healing power of a cultivated imagination is both welcome and essential. 56. The second paragraph indicates that Jess and Leslie ________.
A. lost their control over the imaginary kingdom. B. looked down on their individual realities.
C. formed a good friendship despite their different talents. D. wrote a book about a magical land called Terabithia.
57. Which of the following words is most likely to replace “traumatized” (paragraph 4)?
A. criticized. B. ignored. C. delighted . D. shocked. 58. The two children most likely ________.
A. skipped school to play in the woods behind their campus. B. created an imaginary world as an escape from reality.
C. disappointed their parents with their over-active imaginations. D. won against the bullies at school with strong performances.
59. Which of the following statements will the author most probably agree with? A. The fantasy components of the movie were too over-done. B. The movie is motional but not much too dramatic.
C. “Bridge to Terabithia” has a negative impact on public school education. D. Children shouldn’t watch the film as they are too young to understand the topics. 【答案】56. C 57. D 58. B 59. B 【解析】 【分析】
这是一篇影视评论。作者介绍了“仙境之桥”这部电影的主要情节，并对它进行了评论。 【56题详解】
推理判断题。由第二段“Jess Aarons financially tensed parents and a talent for drawing, Jess forms a bond with a new student named Leslie (Anna Sophia Robb), a free spirit An attraction between outsiders, their friendship feeds on her words and his pictures;”可知，Jess Aarons是一个内向但在绘画方面有天赋的孩子，而 Leslie是一个外向的，开朗不羁的的孩子。他们的友谊是建立在她的话和他的照片基础上；所以判断出， 尽管Jess 和 Leslie有不同的天资，但还是建立了良好的友谊。故C选项正确。 【57题详解】
词义猜测题。由第四段“ those who haven’t read the book may be surprised at the sorrow
the filmmakers cause without ever resorting to horror or terror. In other words, your children may cry, but they won’t be traumatized so badly.”可知，那些没有读过这本书的人可能会对电影制作人在没有诉诸恐惧或恐怖的情况下造成的悲伤感到惊讶。换句话说，你的孩子可能会哭，但是他们不会受到如此严重的创伤。由 In other words可知，前句与后句是同位关系，由 surprised 可推出，shocked最可能替代traumatized。故D选项正确。
【58题详解】
推理判断题。由第二段“ who is regularly picked on by the school buses, Leslie (Anna Sophia Robb), a free spirit whose parents, both writers, are fondly neglectful. together they create an imaginary kingdom in the woods behind their homes, a world they can control and where their minds can wander free.”可知，Jesss是一个经常被欺负的孩子，Leslie是一个被父母忽略的孩子，他们一起在他们家后面的树林里创造了一个想象中的王国，一个他们可以控制的世界，一个他们可以自由思考的世界。所以判断出，这两个孩子创造想象中的世界来逃避现实。故B选项正确。 【59题详解】
推理判断题。由第一段“ “Bridge of Terabithia” is grounded in reality far more than in fantasy. the screenwriters David Paterson and Jeff Stockwell have produced a thoughtful and extremely affecting story of a transformative friendship ”可知，“仙境之桥”是基于现实而非幻想。改编凯瑟琳·帕特森获奖的小说，编剧大卫·帕特森和杰夫·斯托克韦尔创作了一个深思熟虑的、极其感人的故事。所以，作者最可能同意“这部电影是感人的，但不太戏剧化。”故B选项正确。
【点睛】根据关键词进行推理判断是最有效最直接的解题切入点。例如小题3，由第二段“ who is regularly picked on by the school buses, Leslie (Anna Sophia Robb), a free spirit whose parents, both writers, are fondly neglectful.together they create an imaginary kingdom in the woods behind their homes, a world they can control and where their minds can wander free.中的“is regularly picked on by the school buses”“ neglectful”可知，Jesss是一个经常被欺负的孩子，Leslie是一个被父母忽略的孩子，所以他们一起在他们家后面的树林里创造了一个想象中的王国，是为了逃避现实。故B选项为小题3的正确选项。
(B)
Hot Air Balloons
A hot air balloon is made up of 3 main parts: The Envelope The actual fabric balloon which holds the air. The Burner The unit which pushes the heat up into the envelope The Basket Where the passengers and pilot stand
The basis of how the balloon works is that warmer air rises in cooler air. This is because hot air is lighter than cool air as it has less mass per unit of volume. Mass can be defined by the measure of how much matter something contains. The actual balloon has to be large as it takes a large amount of heated air to lift it off the ground.
The burner uses propane gas to heat up the air in the envelope to move the balloon off the ground and into the air. The pilot must keep firing the burner at regular intervals throughout the flight to ensure that the balloon continues to the stable. Naturally, the hot air will not escape from the hot at the very bottom of the envelop as firstly, hot air rises and secondly, the floating power keeps it moving up.
To move the balloon upwards, the pilot opens up the propane value which lets the
propane flow to the burner which in turn frees the flame up into the envelope. It works in much the same way as a gas grill: the more you open the valve, the bigger the flame to beat the air and the faster the balloon rises.
The “Parachute Valve” at the very top of the balloon is what is used to bring the balloon down towards the ground. It is a circle of fabric cut out of the top of the envelop which is controlled by a rope which runs down through the middle of the envelope to the basket. If the pilot wants to bring the balloon down, he or she simply pulls on the rope which will open the valve, letting hot air escape, decreasing the inner air temperature. This cooling of air causes the balloon to slow its rise.
The pilot can operate horizontally by changing the vertical position of the balloon because the wind blows in different directions at different altitudes. If the pilot wants to move in a particular direction, he or she simply arises and falls to the appropriate level and rides with the wind. 60. The purpose of this article is to __________. A. explain how hot air balloons work.
B. illustrate why hot air balloons are useful. C. describe hot air balloons’ structure.
D. inform readers about how hot air balloons are made.
61. What would happen if the “Parachute Valve” could not be released after it was opened?
A. The inside of the balloon would continue to heat up. B. The balloon would climb up more rapidly.
C. The self-sealing valve would need to take over the role of the Parachute Valve. D. The balloon would begin to move down more rapidly.
62. Which of the following skills or knowledge would be the most useful to a balloon pilot?
A. The ability to sew the panels of fabric together to make a balloon. B. An understanding of how propane gas is manufactured.
C. A knowledge of the background of passengers who are travelling in the balloon. D. A knowledge of air currents and wind directions in the area where he is piloting
the balloon.
【答案】60. A 61. D 62. D 【解析】 【分析】
这是一篇说明文，介绍了热气球的构造以及其工作原理。 【60题详解】
推理判断题。由第一段“The basis of how the balloon works is that warmer air rises in cooler air.第二段The burner uses propane gas to heat up the air in the envelope to move the balloon off the ground and into the air.第三段To move the balloon upwards, the pilot opens up the propane value which lets the propane flow to the burner which in turn frees the flame up into the envelope第四段The “Parachute Valve” at the very top of the balloon is what is used to bring the balloon down towards the ground第五段The pilot can operate horizontally by changing the vertical position of the balloon because the wind blows in different directions at different altitudes.”可知，每一段都在介绍热气球的是怎么工作的，所以短文的目的就是在介绍热气球是怎么工作的。故A选项正确。 【61题详解】
推理判断题。由倒数第二段“The “Parachute Valve” at the very top of the balloon is what is used to bring the balloon down towards the ground. If the pilot wants to bring the balloon down, he or she simply pulls on the rope which will open the valve, letting hot air escape, decreasing the inner air temperature”可知，气球顶部的“降落伞阀”是用来将气球降落到地面的。如果飞行员想把气球放下，他或她只需拉动绳子就可以打开阀门，让热空气逸出，降低内部空气温度。所以判断出，如果“降落伞阀”打开后无法关闭，气球会快速地向下移动。故D选项正确。 【62题详解】
推理判断题。由最后一段“The pilot can operate horizontally by changing the vertical position of the balloon because the wind blows in different directions at different altitudes. If the pilot wants to move in a particular direction, he or she simply arises and falls to the appropriate level and rides with the wind.”可知，飞行员可以通过改变气球的垂直位置来水平操作，因为风在不同的高度向不同的方向吹。如果飞行
员想朝某一特定方向移动，他或她只需站起来，下降到合适的高度，顺风行驶。所以判断掌握气流和风向的知识对气球驾驶员最有用。故D选项正确。
【点睛】根据事实或者是实例进行正向或者反向推理，是解决推理判断题的重要解题方法。由倒数第二段“The “Parachute Valve” at the very top of the balloon is what is used to bring the balloon down towards the ground. If the pilot wants to bring the balloon down, he or she simply pulls on the rope which will open the valve, letting hot air escape, decreasing the inner air temperature可知，气球顶部的“降落伞阀”是用来将气球降落到地面的。如果飞行员想把气球放下，他或她只需拉动绳子就可以打开阀门，让热空气逸出，降低内部空气温度。所以推理出，如果“降落伞阀”打开后无法关闭，气球内部温度就会迅速降低，热气球就会快速地向下移动。故D选项为小题2的正确选项。
(C)
The surface of Venus has never seemed very hospitable. Temperatures change around 470°C(900°F), the result of a runway greenhouse effect, and the pressure of its atmosphere, thick with carbon dioxide and sulfuric acid(硫酸), is some 90 times that of Earth’s. Lead(铅) would flow like water on Venus, and water cannot have existed in liquid form for perhaps a billion years.
Now NASA’S Magellan spacecraft seems to have found one more horror in the nasty landscape: active volcanoes. Last week the space agency released the first detailed map of Venus and the most dramatic images ever made of its surface. The picture offer the best evidence to date that a planet once assumed dead is actually a lively pot of geological change.
The most amazing image is of Venus’s second tallest mountain, Maat Mons, which rises 8km(5 miles) . Most of the planet’s many peaks, including 9.5-km-(6-mile-) high Maxwell Montes, look bright in the radar pictures Magellan takes from its orbit above the permanent could cover. That means they are strong reflectors of radar waves. But Maat Mons is dark; like the Stealth bomber, it absorbs much of the radar falling on it.
This interesting fact, say project scientists, is a strong hint that the mountains has recently been covered with lava(熔岩). Rock that sits on the surface of mountaintops appears to weather quickly in the hot , chemically reactive atmosphere,
creating a soil that is rich in iron sulfide(硫化铁). It is this mineral, the scientists believe, that can easily be seen on radar. If Maat Mons doesn’t have any, it has probably been resurfaced, perhaps within the past few years.
Such resurfacing has undoubtedly taken place in Venus lowlands: earlier images of the planet showed vast areas that are remarkably free of craters(火山坑). That would be easy to explain on a Planet like Earth, where cratering from meteor strikes is erased by steady erosion. But while there is some evidence of wind erosion on Venus, the best explanation for the lack of cratering is periodic lava flow. Magellan has found direct evidence of such flows, including domelike upwellings and hardened streamed of rock trailing down the sides of Venusian peaks. There are also signs of other geologic activities, including dramatic faulting and several distinct incidents of mountain building. But the evidence can’t indicate whether they really occurred millions of years ago. The case for active Venusian volcanoes is not yet proved, but Magellan, which is now well into its second complete survey of the planet’s surface, may eventually settle the issue.
63. Which of the following has NO possibility to be found on Venus now?
A. Carbon dioxide. B. Sulfuric acid. C. Liquid water. D. Active volcanoes. 64. The scientists believe that _________ shows up easily on radar.
A. geological change. B. iron sulfide. C. mountain mineral. D. lava flow. 65. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. The resurfacing has changed the images of the vast areas in Venus lowlands. B. The wind erosion on Venus is caused by periodic lava flows.
C. Streams of rock trailing down the side of Venusian peaks can be seen on Earth. D. Other geologic activities have caused dramatic and unbelievable climate phenomenon.
66. What can be inferred from the passage?
A. NASA’S Magallan spacecraft fails to stand the environment of Venus.
B. There is clear and confirmed evidence for the active Venusian volcanoes on Venus. C. Some evidence of periodic lava flows has been found by NASA astronauts. D. Magellan will conduct a follow-up complete survey of the Venus’ surface.
【答案】63. C 64. B 65. A 66. D 【解析】
这是一篇说明文。介绍了金星地表的结构以及这种结构产生的原因。 【63题详解】
推理判断题题。由第一段“ water cannot have existed in liquid form for perhaps a billion years.”可知，在金星上水不可能以液体的形式存在了十亿年。所以判断出液态水现在不可能在金星上被发现。故C选项正确。 【64题详解】
细节理解题。由第四段“ creating a soil that is rich in iron sulfide(硫化铁). It is this mineral, the scientists believe, that can easily be seen on radar”可知，坐落在山顶表面的岩石在高温、化学反应性大气中迅速风化，形成了富含硫化铁的土壤。科学家们相信，正是这种矿物，在雷达上很容易看到。所以，科学家认为硫化铁很容易出现在雷达上。故B选项正确。 【65题详解】
推理判断题。由最后一段“Such resurfacing has undoubtedly taken place in Venus lowlands: earlier images of the planet showed vast areas that are remarkably free of craters(火山坑) …he best explanation for the lack of cratering is periodic lava flow. ”可知，毫无疑问，金星低地已经出现了这样的表面修复:早期的地球图像显示，大片地区没有陨石坑。……但是没有陨石坑的最好解释是周期性的熔岩流。通过对表面修复的原因的解释，可以判断出表面修复改变了金星低地广大地区的地貌。故A选项正确。 【66题详解】
推理判断题。由最后一段“The case for active Venusian volcanoes is not yet proved, but Magellan, which is now well into its second complete survey of the planet’s surface, may eventually settle the issue.”可知，金星活跃火山的情况还没有得到证实，但是 Magellan可能最终解决这个问题，Magellan进入了对金星表面的第二次全面调查。所以能判断出，Magellan将对金星表面进行后续的全面调查。故D选项正确。 Section C
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentences given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Nowhere To Hide: What Machines Can Tell From Your Face
The human face is a remarkable piece of work.___67___. So is the face’s ability to send emotional signals, whether through the unconscious shame or the trick of a false smile. People spend much of their waking lives, in the office and the courtroom as well as the bar and the bedroom, reading faces, for signs of attraction, hostility, trust and deceit. They also spend plenty of time trying to hide their feelings, intentions or nature.
___68___ .In America facial recognition is used by churches to track worshippers’ attendance; in Britain, by retailers to spot past shoplifters. This year Welsh police used it to arrest a suspect outside a football game. In China it confirms the identities of ride-hailing drivers, permits tourists to enter attractions and lets people pay for things with a smile. Apple’s new iPhone is expected to use it to unlock the homescreen
Set against human skills, such applications might seem enhancive. Some breakthroughs, such as flight or the internet, obviously transform human
abilities.____69____.Although faces are peculiar to individuals, they are also public, so technology does not, at first sight, intrude on something that is private. And yet the ability to record, store and analyse images of faces cheaply, quickly and on a vast scale promises one day to bring about fundamental changes to notions of privacy, fairness and trust.
___70___.Masking true feelings helps fix the wheels of daily life. If your partner can spot every prohibited yawn, and your boss every hint of annoyance, marriages and working relationships will be more truthful, but less harmonious. The basis of social interactions might change, too, from a set of commitments founded on trust to calculations of risk and reward derived from the information a computer attaches to someone’s face. Relationships might become more reasonable, but also transactional. A. However, facial recognition seems merely to encode them.
B. Research show that artificial intelligence can reconstruct the facial structures of people.
C. Anyone with a phone can take a picture for facial-recognition programs to use.
D. Technology is rapidly catching up with the human ability to read faces. E. Continuous facial recording that paints computerized data onto the real world might change the texture of social interactions.
F. The astonishing variety of facial features helps people recognize each other and is crucial to the formation of complex societies. 【答案】67. F 68. D 69. A 70. E 【解析】
这是一篇说明文。介绍了人脸识别技术不仅仅是一项新技术，它也将改变世界。 【67题详解】
由“___1___ So is the face’s ability to send emotional signals, whether through the unconscious shame or the trick of a false smile”可知，人脸传递情感信号的功能也同样重要，无论是通过下意识的脸红还是有技巧的假笑。所以小题1同后面的句子同样在说明人脸的作用和重要性。故F选项“面部特征之纷繁各异令人惊叹，它让人们能相互辨认，也是形成复杂社会群体的关键”符合语境。故F选项切题。 【68题详解】
由“In America facial recognition is used by churches to track worshippers’ attendance; in Britain, by retailers to spot past shoplifters. This year Welsh police used it to arrest a suspect outside a football game. In China it confirms the identities of ride-hailing drivers, permits tourists to enter attractions and lets people pay for things with a smile. Apple’s new iPhone is expected to use it to unlock the homescreen”可知，在美国，教堂使用人脸识别来追踪教徒做礼拜的出席情况；在英国，零售商用它来辨认有扒窃前科的顾客。今年，威尔士警方利用人脸识别在足球场外逮捕了一名嫌疑犯。在中国，人脸识别被用于验证网约车司机的身份、让游客刷脸进景点、让顾客微微一笑就能刷脸买单。苹果的新款iPhone预计将用这一技术来解锁屏幕。所以以上这些实例都在表明，科技正迅速赶上人类研读脸孔的能力。也就是小题2要总说的内容。故D选项“科技正迅速赶上人类研读脸孔的能力”符合语境。故D选项切题。 【69题详解】
由“such as flight or the internet, obviously transform human abilities.”可知，飞行或互联网这样的重大突破明显改变了人类的能力。接下来作者要转折话题，来说明人脸
识别并没有像飞行或互联网这样的重大突破明显改变了人类的能力，而只是对面孔进行编码。故A选项“而人脸识别似乎只是对面孔进行编码”符合句意。故A选项切题。 【70题详解】
由“Masking true feelings helps fix the wheels of daily life. If your partner can spot every prohibited yawn, and your boss every hint of annoyance, marriages and working relationships will be more truthful, but less harmonious. The basis of social interactions might change, too, from a set of commitments founded on trust to calculations of risk and reward derived from the information a computer attaches to someone’s face. Relationships might become more reasonable, but also transactional.”可知，掩盖真实的感情有助于修复日常生活的车轮。如果你的伴侣能发现每个禁止打哈欠的地方，那么你的老板的烦恼、婚姻和工作关系的每一点都会更加真实，但却不那么和谐。社会互动的基础也可能发生变化，从建立在信任基础上的一套承诺转变为计算计算机附着在某人脸上的信息所产生的风险和报酬。关系可能变得更合理，但也可能是交易关系。以上都在说明计算机数据描绘现实世界的连续面部记录可能会改变社交互动的纹理。也就是小题4要总结的内容。故E选项“计算机数据描绘现实世界的连续面部记录可能会改变社交互动的纹理”符合语境。故E选项切题。 IV. Summary Writing
71.Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Sport Tourism
Tourism is the world’s largest industry and is predicted to grow well into the years to come. Increasingly, the economic importance of tourism has been recognized by governments around the world. At the same time, the tourism industry has become more complicated in its development and marketing new forms of tourism. One of the fastest growing parts of the tourism industry is travel related to sport and physical activity. A recent survey found that while the traditional beach and sight-seeing vacations continue to predominate, 22% of those surveyed reported that opportunities to participate in sports were important when selecting a vacation.
The term sport tourism has been adopted in recent years to describe sport-related leisure travel. It is generally recognized that three are three broad categories of
sport tourism. The first category. Watching sporting events or Sports Event Tourism includes hallmark events such as FIFA World Cup Football Championships, and the Olympic games. Tournament sponsored by the Professional Golf Association or the World Tennis Association are also part of the spectator-centered sector of sport tourism.
The second type of sport tourism, celebrity and nostalgia sport tourism involves visiting famous sports-related attractions. Visits of the sports halls of fame fall into this category. Another form of celebrity and nostalgia sport tourism that has emerged in recent years is meeting famous sports personalities. The cruise industry has been experienced in this area. Sports theme cruise such as “the NBA basketball cruise” arrange for passengers to meet personalities from sports while on board.
Active participation is the third category of sports tourism. This is composed of individuals who travel to participate in golf, skiing, and tennis in particular, although other sports such as fishing, and scuba diving are popular in the US. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】The tourism industry is developing fast/prosperously with different forms, among which sport tourism grows fastest. Sport tourism is defined as travel related to sport/physical activities and consists of/includes three main categories. The first is watching sporting events/games. The second includes visiting famous sports-related
attractions/places
and
meeting
well-known/famous
sports
people/personalities. And the third is active participation. 【解析】 【分析】
这是一篇说明文。介绍了与运动有关的旅游是旅游业中增长最快的旅行方式并介绍了它的三种类型。
【详解】第一步：阅读
1．认真阅读给定的原文材料，如果一遍不能理解，就多读两遍；阅读次数越多，你对原文的理解就越深刻。
2．划出那些能概括文章主题思想的单词、短语或短句子；决定原文中哪些部分重要，哪些部分次重要了；对重要部分的主要观点进行概括。
3．简要地记下主要观点——主题、标题、细节等你认为对概括概要写作重要的东西。 第二步：写作步骤
1.浏览课文，找出主题：介绍了运动旅游是旅游业中增长最快旅行方式并介绍了它的的三类种型。
2.分析文章的结构，把它分成几个部分，找出每个部分的主要思想，用你自己的文字简短地写出来。本文主要分为两部分。第一部分：The tourism industry is developing
fast/prosperously with different forms, among which sport tourism grows fastest.。第二部分：Sport tourism is defined as travel related to sport/physical activities and consists of/includes three main categories.
3.写下每个主要思想的支持点，不涉及细节。第一部分支持点：among which sport tourism grows fastest. 第二部分支持点：The first is watching sporting events/games. The second includes visiting famous sports-related attractions/places and meeting well-known/famous sports people/personalities. And the third is active participation.
4.按照逻辑顺序组织主要和相关的支持点， 使用最短的连接词进行连接。如：The first The second，the third. 第三步：修改成文
草稿拟好以后，对它进行修改。
首先，与原文比较看是否把所有重要的观点都概括了，概要写作中的观点是否与原文中的完全一致。
其次，如果出现了不必要的词汇、短语或长句子，删除它们，保持语言简单明了。 最后，检查拼写、语法和标点符号的错误。
第II卷(共40分)
V. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
72. 很多人对他们的潜能一无所知。(ignorant)
__________________________________
73. 这些政策在一定程度上对该地区的经济衰退负有责任。(extent) __________________________________
74. 自古以来老百姓就希望天下太平，同各国人民友好相处。(long for) __________________________________
75. 青少年问题的发展趋势值得我们关注和研究，也值得整个社会群策群力，共商对策。(which)
__________________________________
【答案】72. Many people are totally ignorant of their potential (abilities/talents). 73. These policies are to some extent responsible for the region’s economic decline. 74. Since ancient times people have longed for a peaceful world to live together in friendship with people from/of all countries.
/Since ancient times people have longed for a peaceful world, where people of all/different countries live together in friendship.
75. The developing trend of youth/adolescent/teenager problems deserves our attention and research/ analysis, which also deserves the joint efforts of the whole society to find solutions. 【解析】 【72题详解】
考查ignorant相关用法和时态。分析句子可知，句子为一般现在时，谓语动词为 be ignorant of“不知道”、“不懂”。结合汉意，故翻译为：Many people are totally ignorant of their potential (abilities/talents). 【73题详解】
考查extent的相关用法和时态。分析句子可知，句子为一般现在时，谓语动词为 be responsible for，to some extent“某一定程度上”为固定短语。结合汉意。故翻译为：These policies are to some extent responsible for the region’s economic decline. 【74题详解】
考查动词短语和时态。分析句子可知，由句中的 Since ancient times 可知，本句为现在完成时，谓语动词为long for“ 渴望”，所以用have longed for。结合汉意。故翻译为 Since ancient times people have longed for a peaceful world to live together in friendship
with people from/of all countries./Since ancient times people have longed for a peaceful world, where people of all/different countries live together in friendship. 【75题详解】
考查关系代词。分析句子可知，本句时态为一般现在时，The developing trend of youth/adolescent/teenager problems 为主语，谓语为deserve。本句还涉及非限制性定语从句，非限制性定语从句为一般现在时。The developing trend of youth/adolescent/teenager problems 为定语从句的先行词，在定语从句中作deserve的主语，所以关系代词为which。结合汉意。故翻译为：The developing trend of youth/adolescent/teenager problems deserves our attention and research/ analysis, which also deserves the joint efforts of the whole society to find solutions. VI. Guided Writing
76.Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假设你是明启中学高三友王磊近日就学习时如何记好笔记发邮件向你求教，请给他回复一封电子邮件，邮件必须包括以下内容: ●描述两到三个不同的笔记类型及其特征 ●如何记好笔记的建议
(注意:中文请不要出现真实的校名人名)
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Dear Wang Lei,
I am writing to tell you how to take notes ,which will be of use to you . Gegerally speaking,there are two types of notes.One is taking notes in class,which requires you to write down what the teachers said an wrote on the blackboard. The other is taking notes after class. When you do your homework or do exercises by yourself ,you can note down what you did’t understand.Here are some tips you should follow to take notes well.
First of all, it is important to make your handwriting clear.Anything unclear will puzzle you.Besdises,It is necessary to take down the most importat and the most difficult points,which helps you to review some knowledge that you often forget . Last but not the least ,to make it understood,you should make use of some symbols to take the place of long sentences.
I hope that you will make great progress in taking notes.
Yours,
Lu Ping
【解析】 【分析】
这是一篇应用文，要求写一封信
【详解】第一步：审题。审题的目的是获取重要信息。通过审题我们可以确定几个方面的信息。第一，描述两到三个不同的笔记类型及其特征;如何记好笔记的建议。第二，人称为第二人称和第三人称，兼用第一人称。第三，时态以一般现在时为主。
第二步：布局段落，确定主要段落，次要段落，段落数量。这篇写作段落数量为四段。第一段，引题。第二段，描述两到三个不同的笔记类型及其特征。第三段，如何记好笔记的建议。第四段，表达祝愿。
第三步：确定关键词汇和短语:take notes, write down, handwriting, puzzle, review, by yourself, make use of, take the place of, make great progress.
第四步：确定较为高级的句子:I am writing to tell you how to take notes ,which will be of use to you .One is taking notes in class, which requires you to write down what the teachers said an wrote on the blackboard. When you do your homework or do exercises by yourself ,you can note down what you didn’t understand. It is necessary to take down the most important and the most difficult points, which helps you to review some knowledge that you often forget .I hope that you will make great progress in taking notes.
第五步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连接词进行过渡衔接:Generally speaking, First of all ,Besides , Last but not the least.
第六步：注意书写，保持卷面整洁，避免划线，乱擦。
【点睛】文章思路清晰，语言规范，段落整齐，语篇连贯，层次清晰。使用了较为高级的句式:如:定语从句和宾语从句I am writing to tell you how to take notes ,which will be of use to you .One is taking notes in class, which requires you to write down what the teachers said and wrote on the blackboard. 时间状语从句When you do your homework or do exercises by yourself ,you can note down what you didn’t understand. It is necessary to take down the most important and the most difficult points, which helps you to review some knowledge that you often forget .宾语从句I hope that you will make great progress in taking notes.
高级句式的应用提升了写作的档次，整个短文显示出了作者高水平的英语表达能力。
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