美国文学史及选读2
PartⅣ The Literature Of Realism现实主义文学
1. 美国国内战争Civil War 1861-1865.美国现实主义文学:他们寻找描写美国人真实生活的方法,他们声称平凡
的、就近的事件同重大的、遥运的事件一样都是艺术创作的源泉they sought to portray American life as it really
was,, insisting that the ordinary and local were as suitable for artistic portrayal as the magnificent and the remote. 2. 现实主义一词来源于法语realisme, 她是一种文学原则,她强调描写平凡的生活,强调其“真实性和现实性”。
Realism had originated in France as realisme, a literary doctrine that called for “reality and truth” in the depiction of
ordinary life. ordinary life. “life. “现实主义要求创作素材绝对真实,即不能夸张,也不能缩小”,William Dean ,William Dean Howells(Dean Howells(豪厄斯) defined realism as “nothing more and nothing less than the truthful treatment of material”.他反对那些表现失意和绝望类苍白无力的小说,他强调现实主义作品要发掘出生活中微笑的一方面,因为美国人都坚信自己的国家是一个充满希望,什么奇迹都有可能发生的一个国家,一个充满希望,什么奇迹都有可能发生的一个国家,作为文学也应该把这些特征表现出来什么奇迹都有可能发生的一个国家,作为文学也应该把这些特征表现出来he spoke out against the writing of a bleak fiction of failure and despair. He called for the treatment of the “Smiling aspects of life” as being the being the more the more “more “American”American”, insisting , insisting that insisting that American that American was American was truly was truly a truly a land a land of land of hope of hope and hope and of and of possibility of possibility that possibility that should that should be should be reflected in its literature.
3. 美国现实主义文学总体说来对生活的表面现象进行了乐观的处理,这是其局限,然而最伟大的现实伟大的现实主义大师亨利·詹姆斯、马克·吐温则摆脱了对十九世纪美国进行肤浅描写的局限,詹姆斯对他作品中的人物吐温则摆脱了对十九世纪美国进行肤浅描写的局限,詹姆斯对他作品中的人物个性心理进行了深度探讨,他运用深厚的和复杂的写作方式对复杂的个人经历进行了揣摩。马克·吐温打破了
’s literary realism was limited to 乡土小说的狭窄局限,前所未有地描述了广阔的美国生活the bulk of America
optimistic treatment optimistic treatment of treatment of the of the surface the surface of surface of life. of life. Ylife. Yet the et the greatest the greatest of greatest of Americaof America’America’s realists, s realists, Henry realists, Henry James Henry James and James and Mark and Mark Twain, Mark Twain, moved well beyond a superficial portrayal of nineteenth-century America. James probed deeply into the individual psychology of psychology of his of his characters, his characters, writing characters, writing in writing in a in a rich a rich and rich and intricate and intricate style intricate style that style that supported that supported his supported his intense his intense scrutiny intense scrutiny of scrutiny of complex of complex human experience. breaking out human experience. Mark Twain, experience. Mark Twain, breaking out of out of the of the narrow the narrow limits narrow limits of limits of local of local color local color fiction, color fiction, described fiction, described the described the breadth the breadth of breadth of American experience as no one had ever done before, or since.
4. 美国新的现实主义即自然主义大师们不再崇尚过去的写作方法,他们设法尽力客观,真实地展现出
受环境与出身局限的下层人民和各种经济阶层人物的真正生活,他们强调世界的非道德性,他们认为,人们并没有意志的自由,他们的生活状况往往受到了生活的环境与自己的出身所局限;并没有意志的自由,他们的生活状况往往受到了生活的环境与自己的出身所局限;他们还认宗教上的他们的生活状况往往受到了生活的环境与自己的出身所局限;他们还认宗教上的“真理”他们还认宗教上的“真理”是虚幻的,人类世俗的现实生活是痛苦的,死亡以后,一切又烟消云散了naturalism, a new and harsher realism. America’America’s literary naturalists dismissed the validity of comforting moral truths. They attempted to achieve extreme objectivity and frankness, presenting characters of low social and economic classed who were dominated by their will, that their lives were controlled by heredity and the environment, that religious “truths”truths” were illusory, that the destiny of humanity was misery in life and oblivion in death.
一、Walt Whitman沃尔特·惠特曼1819-12
1. 美国文学史上极其重要的、具有创新精神的作家之一,他的《草叶集》中系列诗歌是美国文学史上第一部真
“Leaves of Grass” he 正的史诗one of the great innovators in American literature. In the cluster of poems he called
gave America its first genuine epic poem.他所创造的这种诗体叫做自由诗,在这种诗歌中,没有固定的节拍,也
没有有规律的韵脚,惠特曼认为传统的格律诗不适合表达民主之声the poetic style he devised is now called free should not be haltered by traditional forms of verse.
2. 1855年出版《草叶集》第一部,其中的大部分作品表达的主题是人类与大自然。有一部分诗歌描写的是令作
者痴迷的纽约,少量诗歌还对内战进行了描写,在诗歌中,惠特曼把各种具有平民思想的普通人,社会下层
“Leaves of Grass” are about man and nature. However, 的不同个体的理念有机地结合了起来most of the poems in
his poetry, Whitman combined the ideal of the democratic common man and that of the rugged individual. 他给诗人
重新进行了定义,他认为诗人是一个英雄,是一个救世主,还是先知,诗人通过对真理的表达来引导大众in his
environment and heredity, the naturalists emphasized that the world was amoral, that men and women had no free
verse-that is, poetry without a fixed beat or regular rhyme scheme. Whitman thought that the voice of democracy
a small number of very good poems deal with New York, the city that fascinated Whitman, and with the Civil War. In
poetry, Whitman combined the ideal of the democratic common man and that of the rugged individual. He envisioned
the poet as a hero, a savior and a prophet, one who leads the community by his expressions of the truth. 3. 教材作品:” 《自己之歌》:”Song of Myself” 《我坐在这儿眺望着》:”I sit and Look Outums” 《敲呀!敲呀!鼓啊!》:”Drum-Taps Beat! Beat! Dr 二、Emily Dickinson爱米丽·狄金森1830-1886 1. 她的诗歌古怪、简洁,她的诗歌古怪、简洁,她对做任何大众或流行诗人的概念保持惊人冷漠,她往往是通过一件具体的家庭小事,她对做任何大众或流行诗人的概念保持惊人冷漠,她往往是通过一件具体的家庭小事,和一种闲适的生活来阐明事理,并把这些描写成为令人痴迷的诗歌she wrote her whimsical, darting verse with sublime indifference to any notion of being a democratic or popular poet. Her work illustrated the fact that one couldtake a single household and an inactive life, and make enchanting poetry out of it. 2. 她同姐姐终身未嫁一直住在一起,1862年以后,她过上了完全与世隔绝的生活,从此再也没有离开过自己的家乡,也没有同朋友聚会,狄金森与世隔绝可能是受到一桩不满爱情的影响,但主要可能还是源于她自己独特的个性,源于她自己要同世人隔绝的愿望,她诗歌并没有受到生活局限,相反她诗歌却极富创造性和想象力she and her sister remained at home and did not marry. After 1862 she became a total recluse, not leaving hhouse nor seeing even close friends. Her later retirement from the world, though perhaps affected by an unhappy love range of her poetry suggests not her limited experiences but the power of her creativity and imagination. 3. 她在世时,发表了仅七首诗,爱米丽并没有按当时的标准来修改自己的作品,也无意去出版这些作品Emily, however, refused to revise her poems to fit the standards of others and took no interest in having them published; ifact she had only seven poems published during her lifetime. 4. 她的诗歌富有激情,诗歌都很短,很多诗建立在一个简单的意象或象征之上,狄金森在她小小抒情诗歌中却’s poetry comes out in bursts. The poems are short, many 对生活中的大部分重大事件进行了探讨Emily Dickinsonmost important things in life. 5. 教材作品:” 《我品味未经酿造的饮料》:”I taste a liquor never brewed” 《我意识到一场葬礼》:”I Felt a Funeral, in My Brain“ 《鸟儿沿着小径过来》:“A Bird Came Down the Walk-” 《我为美而死》:”I Died for Beauty-but Was Scarce“ 《听到苍蝇的嗡嗡声-我死时》:”I Heard a Fly Buzz-when I died-“ 《我不能等候死神》:”Because I Could not Stop for Death- 三、Harriet Beecher Stowe哈丽雅特·比彻·斯托1811-16 1. 她出生名门,父亲莱曼是当地有名的牧师,父亲在家“一手遮天”,非常专横,对待他们兄妹非常严厉,他希she was born was born into born into a into a respectable a respectable family respectable family that family that was that was to was to 望家里的男孩子将来成为传教士,女孩子能够嫁给传教士she was with the kind of wrathful severity that he imagined were the chief characteristics of the God he worshiped and fearedThe boys were expected to become preachers, the girls to marry preachers. 2. 1851年6月5日,系列小说《汤姆叔叔的小屋》的第一集在《民族时代》专栏上开始连载,到1852年4月1the novel “novel “Uncle TomUncle Tom’Tom’s Cabins Cabin”Cabin” or “or “The Man The Man That Man That Was That Was a Was a Thinga Thing”Thing”, began , began serially began serially in serially in the in the 日最后一集刊登完成the novel National Era on June 5, 1851, and the last installment appeared on April 1, 1852. 3. 这部小说被翻译成40多种文字,被全球数百万计的人们广泛阅读,这部小说的成功源于该作品倾注了作者自Since then has then has 己对两主人公所受痛苦和压迫的深刻感受,再就是人们为作者要这些奴隶的决心所感动Since then affair, seems mainly to have resulted from her own personality, from a desire to separate herself from the world. Theof them being based on a single image or symbol. But within her little lyrics Miss Dickinson writes about some of thbecome famous, her father Lyman was a renowned clergyman. The family was dominated by the father who ruled been published in some forty languages and has been read by millions of people around the world. The power of thnovel unquestionably comes from the investment of the author’s sense of her own suffering and oppression (as well as her determination to be free) in the characters of Tom and his fellow slave Eliza,, the protagonists of the book’s two main plots. 4. 《汤姆叔叔小屋题解》A Key to Key to Uncle to Uncle TomUncle Tom’Tom’s Cabins Cabin”Cabin” with documented with documented case documented case histories case histories to histories to support to support what support what she what she had she had “A Key portrayed fictionally. 1856年《德雷德,阴暗大沼地的故事》” attempt to “Dred: A Tale of the Great Dismal Swamprepeat the theme and extend the argument of her masterpiece: that a society resting on slavery could not long survive.5. 教材作品:” 《汤姆叔叔的小屋》:“Uncle Tom’s Cabin 四、Mark Twain 马克·吐温1835-1910 1. 原名Samuel Langhorne Samuel Langhorne Clemens Langhorne Clemens 塞缪尔·朗赫恩·克莱门斯。1847年父亲去世后开始到一家出版社当学徒工,从1853年开始全国旅行,期间做过印刷排字临时工,结识了船长霍勒斯·比克斯比,从那以后便开始水上生’s death in 1847, when he became a printer’s apprentice. From 活his formal education ended soon after his father1853, he traveled widely, as a journeyman printer, in the eastern states and in the west, he met Horace Bixby, thcaptain of the boat, and turned to a career on the river.国内战争爆发以后,他离开密西西比河,先后在当过志愿者,到内华达州掏过金,他还做过木材投机生意,当过新闻记者he left the Mississippi at the outbreak of the Civil War, and became, in swift succession, and army volunteer, a gold-prospector in Nevada, a timber speculator and a journalist. 2. 在弗吉尼亚《企业》杂志任职期间,他开始使用笔名“马克·吐温”,意为口寻,也就是十二尺深while working for the Virginia City Territorial Enterprise, he adopted the pseudonym “Mark Twain”, the way of a boatman taking soundings, and meaning two fathoms, i.e. twelve feet. 3. 1865年,他第一本书《跳蛙》出版”Jumping Frog”; 1869年,”; 《傻子国外旅行记》“Innocents Abroad1872年,”; 《艰苦岁月》“Roughing It1873年,” 《镀金时代》“The Gilded Age1876年,”; 《汤姆·索亚历险记》“The Adventures of Tom Sawyer1883年,”; 《密西西比河上的生活》“Life on the Mississippi1884年,”; 《哈克贝里·费恩历险记》”Adventures of Huckleberry Finn14年,head Wilson”; 《傻瓜威尔逊》“Pudd 1900年,”; 《败坏了哈德莱堡的人》“The Man that Corrupted Hadleyburg1906年,”; 《什么是人?》“What is Man1916年,” 《神秘来客》“The Mysterious Stranger4. 晚年悲观与失望,对十九世纪美国社会价值观不能接受,后一直是一个坚定的怀疑论者,有时他通过时事恶毒的评论来疏缓自己的压力,晚景凄凉,毒的评论来疏缓自己的压力,晚景凄凉,亲人相继离去晚景凄凉,亲人相继离去he pointed towards his uneasy acceptance of the values of nineteenth-century American society, he wrote three works expressing his acute pessimism. From that time until his were saddened by personal bereavement. 5. 教材作品:” 《汤姆·索亚历险记》“The Adventures of Tom Sawyer 五、O. Henry 欧·亨利 原名威廉·悉尼·波特(笔名欧·亨利)William Sidney Porter. 1. 由于人们对他撰写的故事特别感兴趣,《安斯利杂志》的出版人便邀请他到纽约专门写稿he wrote he wrote stories wrote stories for stories for different magazines, different magazines, and magazines, and when and when there when there came there came a came a big a big demand big demand for demand for his for his stories, his stories, the stories, the publishers the publishers of publishers of “of “Ainslee’Ainslee’s Magazings Magazing”Magazing” invited him to come to New York. 2. 欧·亨利写的故事大部分讲的是纽约穷苦人的生活,也写过其他地方类似人的辛酸生活,他讲述的故事一般很短,情节安排巧妙又引人入胜,故事幽默,有趣,结果往往又出人意料,他的故事中有许多俚语和地方性语言表达,美国以外读者理解这些内容有些困难,这些表达方式,在作者看来是一种本地特色,并且能够很好地同故事中的人物和场景结合起来Many of his stories tell about the lives of poor people in New York, as well as in other in other places, other places, his places, his works his works abound works abound in abound in good-natured in good-natured humor. good-natured humor. His humor. His stories His stories are stories are usually are usually short, usually short, the short, the plots the plots are plots are exceedingly are exceedingly death, he maintained a bitter skepticism, relieved at times by outraged commentary on world affairs. His last years death, he maintained a bitter skepticism, relieved at times by outraged commentary on world affairs. His last yearsclever and interesting; humor abounds, and the end is always surprising. Many of his stories contain a great deal oslang and colloquial expressions that make them hard to be understood by people outside of America. Such forms ofspeech are used to give what is called local, to make the stories fit in with the characters and scenes described. 3. 欧·亨利认为他自己是一个十分谦虚的人,他很害羞,不喜与人交往,即使是成名以后也是这样His own estimate of himself was always a very modest one and he was shy and retiring in the presence of friends yet his fame. 4. 最好小说集his best volume” The Four Million”; 最好单部小说:《四百万》《旧知》、《麦珙的礼物》、《市政报告》、his best individual stories “Retrieved Reformation”, 《没讲完的故事》、《月亮女神》、《吝啬爱人》、《装饰过的房间》,“The Gift The Gift of Gift of the of the Magithe Magi”Magi”, “, “A Municipal A Municipal ReportMunicipal Report”Report”, “, “An Unfinished An Unfinished StoryUnfinished Story”Story”, “, “Phoebe”Phoebe”, “, “A Lickpenny A Lickpenny LoverLickpenny Lover”Lover”, “, “The Furnished Room”. 5. 教材作品:” 《与赞美诗》:”The Cop and the Anthem 六、Henry James亨利·詹姆斯1843-1916 1. 他大部分教育是在家里完成的,全家在欧洲的频繁旅行是他接受教育的另一个重要源泉he received the major part of his education at home, his family’s travels in Europe were another source of education for Henry. 2. 1871年,第一部小说《观察和守护》”; “Watch and Ward1875年《罗德里克·赫德森》”Roderick Hudson”; 1877年《美国人》讲述的是一个国际性的话题,书中他认为美国人同丰富多彩的欧洲生活相比,显得没底蕴” with its “international”international” theme of the traditionless American confronting the complexity of European life “The American1878年《达西·密勒》有人评论该作品是“对美国姑娘的嘲弄”,但正是这部作品让他首次获得了国际声誉”Daisy Miller”“an outrage to American girlhood” but which brought James his first Miller”, which one American critic described as international fame. 1881年《一个贵妇人的画像》是其早期作品中最好的一部“The Portrait of a Lady” the finest example of James’s early work. 3. 他第二个创作时期作品有: 他第二个创作时期作品有: 1886年《波士顿人》” “The Bostonians1886年《卡萨玛西玛公主》”; “The Princess Casamassima10年《悲惨的缪斯》” “The Tragic Muse4. 第三阶段作品有: 第三阶段作品有: 1902年《鸽翼》”; “The Wings of the Dove1903年《大使》”The Ambassadors” 1904年《金碗》”The Golden Bowl” 这时他写法日趋成熟和灵活,许多评论家声称为他的这时他写法日趋成熟和灵活,许多评论家声称为他的“主要阶段” exemplify the mature and formidable style of a third literary period, which critics have come to praise as “The Major Phase”. 5. 同豪厄斯不一样,他的影响不在当时,而是在他去世后接下来的一段时间里,他因对自己祖国的批语,人物情感的塑造较为封闭狭小,人物的社会范围也较为有限而遭到了当时评论家的功击,他最后阶段创作的作品晦涩难懂,风格也不大气,遭到了当时人们的嘲讽,其实只是对读者提出了更高的要求,只有有了同步的心灵,才能感应他作品中的微妙之处,要求读者所受教育同他一样,要求读者同作者一样不慌不忙,慢慢咀嚼Unlike Howells James’s greatest influence was exerted not on his own age but on the one that followed. He had beens’s greatest influence was exerted not on his own age but on the one that followed. He had beens’attacked for criticizing his native land and for the narrow emotional and social range of his characters. And he habeen ridiculed been ridiculed for ridiculed for the for the obscure the obscure and obscure and costive and costive style costive style of style of his of his final his final period, final period, a period, a style a style that style that was that was able was able to able to express to express the express the subtlest the subtlest meanings but was based on the assumption that the reader was as well educated, as exquisitely attuned, and in alittle hurry as the author. 6. 原来小说主要是一种新闻形式,主要讲述一些浪漫故事。他则把小说转变成了个人在社会环境中面对种种冲突,,进行深刻转变的文学形式,对人们心理感受进行反映的一种文学形式,他定义这为感受的最高形式helping to transform the novel from its alliances with journalism and romantic story-telling into an art form of penetratinganalysis of individuals confronting society, chronicles of the psychological perceptions that James himself defined as the highest form of experience. 7. 教材作品:” 《一个贵妇人的画像》:”The Portrait of A Lady 七、Jack London杰克·伦敦1876-1916 1. 他在极端贫困中长大,很小的时候,就开始从事低贱和危险的工作,为了生存,他尝尽了生活的艰辛,之后he grew up grew up in up in extreme in extreme poverty: extreme poverty: from poverty: from earliest from earliest youth earliest youth he youth he 下定决心通过自学来提高自己的生活状况及其他方面he grew supported himself with menial and dangerous jobs, experiencing profoundly the struggle for survival. 2. 1900年第一本故事集《狼子》”; :”The Son of the Wolf1903年《荒野的呼唤》”; :”The Call of the Wild1903年《深渊中的人们》”The People of the Abyss”; 1904年《海狼》”The Sea Wolf” 1905年《附级的斗争》”; “The War of the Classes1906年《白牙》”White Fang” 1908年《铁蹄》”The Iron Heel” 1909年纯自传小说” a central document 《马丁·伊登》这部作品也是研究杰克·伦敦的核心学术文献 伦敦的核心学术文献 “Martin Edenfor London scholars. 1910年《》Revolution” “Revolution””. 其他作品《生活的法则》”The Law of Life3. 他的小说中最受人们所接受,经得住时间考验的是关于强者与弱者之间原始又动人心魄的较量描写,这类作品一直经久不衰,他总是习惯把这些场景放在一些不可抗力,如骇人的大海及北极的荒野等大背景下来描写the most enduringly popular of his stories involved the primitive (and melodramatic) struggle of strong and weak individuals in the context of irresistible natural forces such as the wild sea or the arctic wastes. 4. 伦敦创作的在大自然中生存与抗争的有关人类的小说继续在全球受到欢迎。在这些作品中,伦敦往往把一切表面现象予以剥离,直到剩下赤裸裸的梦,直到最后最原始的质朴,这种质朴具有古代神话中怪异与震憾的London’s stories of man in and against nature continue to be popular all over the world. In them, London strips力量London’power of ancient myth. 5. 教材作品:” 《海狼》”The Sea Wolf” 《马丁·伊登》”Martin Eden 八、Theodore Dreiser西奥多·德莱塞1871-1945 全名西奥多·赫尔曼·阿尔伯特·德莱塞Theodore Herman Albert Dreiser 1. 从母亲那里他学会了与人为善,在幼小心里滋生了对弱者的同情心理,从父亲那里继承了注重道德的人个品质及面对失败、失望、绝望时表现出的坚强不屈的意志from his mother he seems to have absorbed a quality of face of failure, disappointment, and despair. 2. 德莱塞年幼时生活非常不幸,贫穷,生活不稳定,家庭不和,年轻时,德莱塞不爱动,稀里糊涂,还有点害羞,同他小说中男女主人公一样,羞,同他小说中男女主人公一样,充满了各种稀奇古怪的幻相,同他小说中男女主人公一样,充满了各种稀奇古怪的幻相,实际上他的教育大部分来自自己生活的经历,充满了各种稀奇古怪的幻相,实际上他的教育大部分来自自己生活的经历,Dreiser’s childhood was decidedly unhappy. The large family moved from house to 来自的阅读和的思考Dreiser’shy, and full of vague yearnings as most of his fictional protagonists, male and female, his education was to comfrom experience and from independent reading and thinking. 3. 1900年他的第一部小说《嘉莉妹妹》G·W·赫兹伍德的悲剧性陨落,该书通过,小说讲述了嘉莉·米贝的发迹和G·W·”, 人物描写,描绘了当时转型的社会,剧中人物既没有悔过之心,描绘了当时转型的社会,剧中人物既没有悔过之心,还逃脱了惩罚,剧中人物既没有悔过之心,还逃脱了惩罚,用语较为激烈还逃脱了惩罚,用语较为激烈 用语较为激烈 ”Sister Carriewhich traces which traces the traces the material the material rise material rise of rise of Carrie of Carrie Meeber Carrie Meeber and Meeber and the and the tragic the tragic decline tragic decline of decline of G·of G·W·G·W·Hurstwood. W·Hurstwood. It Hurstwood. It depicted It depicted social depicted social transgressions by characters who felt no remorse and largely escaped punishment, and it used “strong”strong” language and used names of living persons. 4. 最为成功的短篇小说《尼吉尔·杰夫》“Nigger Jeff” and “Butcher 、《巴塞尔·洛格劳的女儿》his best short fictions Rogaum’” Rogaum’s Daughter1910年《珍妮姑娘》”Jannie Gerhardt” “欲望三部曲”:1912年《金融家》;1914年《巨人》及1947年的《斯多葛》,作品通过这三部作品开始了转Trilogy of 变,即从描述无助悲惨的主人公的故事转向描写那些社会和商业上占支配地位的平凡的人的能力 变,即从描述无助悲惨的主人公的故事转向描写那些社会和商业上占支配地位的平凡的人的能力 ”Trilogy of Desire””; “The Titan”; “The Stoic”, Dreiser shifted from the pathos of helpless protagonists to the Desire”: “The Financierpower of those unusual individuals who assume dominant roles in business and society. 5. 1915年《天才》”Genius”” Genius”. 1928年《德莱塞访苏印象记》”Dreiser Looks at Russia6. 1925年出版的最为恢宏,最为成功的小说《美国悲剧》表达了金钱万能的同样主题,作者通过自传性的生活环境,社会现实及工业化细节等交织成一幅气势恢宏的场面,描写了书中年轻的主人公的行为方式,他获得满足的唯一方式好像就是不断地获取财富,如果必要还可以借助于婚姻the identification of potency with money is at the heart of Dreiser’s greatest and most successful novel, “An American Tragedy”. The Center of this immense everything down to the symbolic starkness of dream, to a primordial simplicity that has the strange and compelling compassionate wonder, from his father he seems to have inherited moral earnestness and the capacity to persist in the house in Indiana dogged by poverty, insecurity, and internal division. Dreiser as a youth was as ungainly, confused, novel’novel’s thick texture of biographical circumstance, social fact, and industrial detail is a young man who acts as if theonly way he can be truly fulfilled is by acquiring wealth-through marriage if necessary. 7. 教材作品:” 《嘉莉妹妹》:”Sister Carrie PartⅤTwentieth-Century Literature二十世纪文学 一、Ezra Pound埃兹拉·庞德1885-1972 1. 埃兹拉·卢米斯·庞德Ezra Loomis Ezra Loomis PoundLoomis Pound。他是一位非常具有个性的诗人,他能把传统与令人深刻和大胆的创he had a had a distinct a distinct poetic distinct poetic personality, poetic personality, he personality, he combined he combined a combined a command a command of command of the of the older the older tradition older tradition with tradition with 新很熟练地结合起来he had impressive and often daring originality.他是一位多产的随笔作家,他不断地为纽约、伦敦、巴黎的小杂志撰稿,然后把这些作品汇集到一起,于是便组成了一个令人兴奋的文学大世界,他坚持无私地扶持那些刚入道,没T·S·爱略特的帮助了he was he was a was a prolific a prolific 什么影响,而他认为有前途的文学艺术家,最为重要的可能就是他给T·S·essayist for essayist for the for the little the little magazines little magazines of magazines of New of New YNew York, London, ork, London, Paris, London, Paris, which Paris, which then which then constituted then constituted a constituted a large a large and large and exciting and exciting literary exciting literary world. He unselfishly and persistently championed the experimental and often unpopular artists. Most important of all, perhaps, was the advice and encouragement which he gave to T·S· Eliot. S· Eliot. 2. 庞德和爱略特的作品都要求他们的读者熟悉古典作品,包括意大利和英国文艺复兴时期的作品,特别是欧洲Pound and Pound and Eliot and Eliot required Eliot required of required of their of their 地区文学,包括法国象征主义,庞德保持了作品的艰深晦涩风格 both Continental literature, including the works of the French symbolists. Pound’s continued to draw fundamentally upon his formidably recondite culture. 3. 《向塞克斯图·普罗佩提多斯致敬》”Homage to Sextus Propertius”; ”Personae”“Masks”Personae” or Masks”; 《人物》(或《面具》)1920年《休·赛尔温·毛伯利》被看作是有关一战战争实质的讽刺类代表作”Hugh Selwyn Mauberley”, considered as a satire of the materialistic forces involved in World WarⅠ; 1917年开始创作《诗集》,截止1959年总首数已达109首,有点象但丁的《神曲》,也是由三个部分组成,结构较为松散,作品中的主人公是喜剧性的人而不是神,他认为人类文明的毁灭主要是由于人类的三个时期,”, began in 1917, by 1959, the numbered 109 poems. 即上古时期、复兴时期和现代时期缺乏信用所至 复兴时期和现代时期缺乏信用所至 ”The CantosThe progressive The progressive series, progressive series, exceeding series, exceeding the exceeding the proposed the proposed limit proposed limit of limit of one of one hundred one hundred poems, hundred poems, are poems, are loosely are loosely connected loosely connected cantos, connected cantos, like cantos, like Dante’“Divina Commedia” in three sections, but representing a comedy human, not divine, dealing with the wreck Dante’s of civilizations by reason of the infidelity of mankind in the three epochs-the ancient world, the Renaissance, and themodern period. 4. 二战期间,庞德代表意大利,运用广播形式对美国进行强烈的谴责。回国后作为美国公民,他因叛国罪而遭起诉,但法庭审查时,被判无罪。1958年叛国起诉撤消后,又返回意大利,1972年在判去世during World War World War Ⅱ, Pound, , Pound, on Pound, on behalf on behalf of behalf of the of the Italian the Italian government, Italian government, conducted government, conducted radio conducted radio broadcasts radio broadcasts beamed broadcasts beamed at beamed at the at the American the American troops. He was returned United States treason, but was returned to the returned to the United States as States as a as a citizen accused of citizen accused of treason, but on but on examination on examination he examination he was he was declared was declared insane. After the treason charges were dismissed in 1958, Pound returned to Italy, where he died in 1972. 5. 教材作品:《一台古钢琴》:”A Virginal” ” 《再次致意》:”Salutation the Second” 《合同》:”A Pact” 《地铁站台》”In a Station of the Metro’s Wife: A Letter” 《长干行》”The River-Merchant 二、Edwin Arlington Robison埃德温·阿林顿·罗宾逊1869-1935 1. 他是二十世纪最多产的美国新一代诗人之一。罗宾逊以律诗的形式,以这个小镇为背景创作了一部名叫《蒂尔伯里小镇》的诗集,随后他出生的加德纳镇也因此而改名为蒂尔伯里 one of the most productive of the new thpoets of the 20 century. Gardiner later became “Tilbury Town”’s poetry, Tilbury Town”, the title of an early collection of Robinsonreaders a familiarity with the classics, the productions of Italian and English Renaissance,, and specialized areas of and the background for a series of vivid character sketches in verse. 2. 罗宾逊是在凄凉和贫穷之中开始自己的诗歌创作,走上他的诗人之路的,他居住在纽约环境最差的地方,平began his career his career as career as a as a poet a poet in poet in bleakness in bleakness and bleakness and poverty. and poverty. He lived He lived in lived in difficult in difficult 时靠打零工来维持生活 Robison began his circumstances in circumstances in New in New YNew York City, ork City, working City, working at working at various at various odd various odd jobs. odd jobs. 西奥多·罗斯福总统得知他生活艰难情况后,于1905年把他安排在纽约一个海关开始担任一个小职员The President, Theodore Roosevelt, learning of the poet’s difficulties, in 1905 gave Robinson a clerk’s job in the customhouse in New York. s job in the customhouse in New York. 3. 1904年《克雷格舰长》”Captain Craig” 4. 1922, 1925, 1928….. 年连续三次获得普利策文学奖he was honored with the Pulitzer Prize in ” and “Miniver Cheevy” are good 《理查·珂利》、《米尼弗·契维》是他现实主义创作取向的较好范例“Richard Coryexample of his realistic attitudes. Ben Jonson 《本·琼生招待一个来自斯特拉福德的朋友》是一部关于莎士比亚性格特点的一个精彩评论“Ben Jonson Entertains a Man from Stratford” a brilliant commentary on Shakespeare’s character. 《默林》、《兰斯洛特》及《特拉斯特拉姆》是关于亚瑟王故事作品,从隐藏在人性中的缺点和阴暗面进行了Merlin”, “, “Lancelot”Lancelot”, “, “Tristram”Tristram” were about were about Arthurian about Arthurian 深刻剖析,得出圆桌骑士团的衰落直至灭亡的原因 深刻剖析,得出圆桌骑士团的衰落直至灭亡的原因 “Merlin”the Round Table. 5. 教材作品:” 《山上的古屋》:”The House on the Hill” 《理查·珂利》:”Richard Cory” 《米尼弗·契维》:”Miniver Cheevy 三、Robert Frost罗伯特·弗洛斯特1874-1963 1. 在去世时弗洛斯特已成为了美国民族诗人的翘首,曾四次获得普利策奖,美国国会还通过了庆祝他生日的一个议案。在他87岁高龄时,在美国总统约翰·F·肯尼迪的就职仪式中,他还念了自己的一首诗歌by the end of his life he had become a national bard; he won four Pulitzer Prizes; the United States Senate passed resolutions honoringhis birthdays, and when he was eighty-seven he read his poetry at the inauguration of President John F· Kennedy. 2. 1912年决定闯荡文坛,航海到英国,1913年在伦敦出版了第一本诗集《小男孩的意志》in 1912 he decided to venture everything on a literary career. He sailed for England. 1913, in London, his first book “A Boy’s Will” was published. 3. 1914年第二部诗集《波士顿以北》“North of Boston”, then Frost returned. ,后回美国a second volume of poems 1916年《山陵》”Mountain Interval” 1923年《新罕布什尔》”New Hampshire” 1928年《小河西流》”West-Running Brook”West-Running Brook” 1936年《又一片农场》”A Further Range” 1942年《智慧树》”A Witness Tree” 1947年《绒毛锈线菊》” “Steeple Bush1962年《空旷地》”In the Clearing” 4. 弗洛斯特反对当时的许多诗歌改革原则,相反奉行“旧瓶装新酒”的原则,采用旧形式来表达新内容,他采用新英格兰乡村的朴实用语,特别偏好传统的抒情类和叙事类,短小精悍的格式,作为一个自然主义诗人,很明显,他的作品中体现了浪漫主义作家的一些风格,在他看来,大自然是比喻和象征的无穷宝藏,作品中没有宗都的说教和冥想的玄思,他的诗歌都浅显明了,经常探讨黑暗中的神秘,宇宙万物中的各种不同的荒Frost had 凉和嘈杂的风景,其实这就是人类自身居住的世界的另外一种表现,这个世界复杂、无助、孤寂Frost had rejected the rejected the revolutionary the revolutionary poetic revolutionary poetic principles poetic principles of principles of his of his contemporanes, his contemporanes, choosing contemporanes, choosing instead choosing instead “instead “the old-fashioned the old-fashioned way old-fashioned way to way to be to be narrative, As narrative, As a As a poet a poet of poet of nature of nature he nature he had he had obvious had obvious affinities obvious affinities with affinities with romantic with romantic writers. romantic writers. He writers. He saw He saw nature saw nature as nature as a as a storehouse a storehouse of storehouse of analogy and symbol, but he had little faith in religious dogma or speculative thought. His poetry, for all its apparenuniverse where men stand alone, unaided and perplexed. 5. 教材作品:” 《摘罢苹果》:”After Apple-Picking” 《没有走的路》:”The Road Not Taken” 《雪夜林边小立》:”Stopping by Woods on a Snowy EveningDepartmental” 《部分》:”Departmental”Design” 《设计》:”Design”” 《大多数》:”The Most of It legends. Robinson typically explored the dark, hidden faults in human character that led to the decline and fall ofnew”new”. He employed the plain speech of rural New Englanders and preferred the short, traditional forms of lyric andsimplicity, often probes mysteries of darkness and irrationality in the bleak and chaotic landscapes of an indifferent 四、Carl Sandburg卡尔·桑德堡1878-1967 1. 在世时就获得了极高的评价,成为了美国电视观众所熟悉的诗人,美国人听他读他的诗作,吟唱他的民间故事,听他讲述关于林肯的各种奇闻轶事he lived to enjoy enormous popular acclaim, by the end of his life he had relate anecdotes about Lincoln. 2. 同前辈惠特曼一样,桑德保的诗作描绘了美国人民生活的方方面面,描写了大草原及西部和东部的风光,他把现代城市作为花边勾画出了一幅优美的图景,从民粹主义者激进观点出发,桑德堡歌颂那些被社会遗弃的人,歌颂那些曾为城市文明作出贡献的移民和普通老百姓,歌颂那些在工业文明化的过程中已逝的和存活下with the precedent the precedent of precedent of Whitman of Whitman behind Whitman behind them, behind them, they them, they present they present a present a sweeping a sweeping panorama sweeping panorama of panorama of American of American life, American life, 来的人们 来的人们 with the encompassing priairie, eastern,, and western landscapes as well as vignettes of the modern city. They celebrate, from the standpoint the standpoint of standpoint of a of a Populist radical, Populist radical, the radical, the lives the lives of lives of outcasts, of outcasts, the outcasts, the contributions the contributions of contributions of immigrants of immigrants and immigrants and common and common people common people to people to urban culture, and the occupations of those who have survived or been sacrificed in the rise of industrial civilization. 3. 1914年《芝加哥诗集》”Chicago Poems” 1918年《剥玉米的人》”Cornhuskers”Cornhuskers” 1920年《烟与钢》”Smoke and Steel” 1922年《太阳烧灼的西方石板》”Slabs of the Sunburnt West” ” 其它诗作《冰冷的墓》”Cool Tombs”; 《闪烁的深红》”Flash Crimson1936年《人民,是的》”People, Yes”People, Yes” 1927年《美国歌谣汇编》”The American Songbag” 1919年《芝加哥种族》”The Chicago Race Riots” ” (for Children) 《路特拜故事集》“The Rootabaga Stories4. 1929《摄影家斯泰肯》his biographies “biographies “Steichen the Steichen the 、1932年《玛丽·林肯》是他的二部传记性质的作品his biographies Photographer”“Mary Lincoln” 他的散文代表作是Photographer” and 《亚拍拉罕·林肯》,是一部纪念性的颂扬类传记His major work in prose was monumental and celebratory biography of Abraham Lincoln. 5. 教材作品:Chicago” 《芝加哥》:”Chicago”” 《港湾》:”The HarborFog” 《雾》:”Fog” 《冰冷的墓》”Cool Tombs” ” 《闪烁的深红》”Flash Crimson” 《人民,是的》”The People, Yes 五、Wallace Stevens华莱士·斯蒂文斯1879-1955 1. 他是一位极有天分的业余诗人,他不太注重自己在文坛上的荣誉和地位,他更关注自己作品本身的一种完美,他的作品的动机最初源于“秩序”的理念,他的“秩序”就是真理,就是自然与宇宙天然一致的次序,是人Wallace Stevens created Stevens created his created his poetry his poetry as poetry as a as a gifted a gifted nonprofessional, gifted nonprofessional, less nonprofessional, less concerned less concerned 类与个体发现这种一致性的特权Wallace Stevens about promoting about promoting his promoting his literary his literary his literary his literary his literary reputation literary reputation than reputation than about than about perfecting about perfecting what perfecting what he what he wrote. he wrote. His wrote. His work His work is work is primarily is primarily motivated by the belief that “ideas of order” that is, true ideas, correspond with an innate order in nature and the universe, and that it is the high privilege of individuals and mankind to discover this correspondence. 2. 1923年《风琴》”Harmonium”Harmonium”; 1935年《关于秩序的思想》”Ideas of Order” 1937年《带蓝吉它的人》”The Man With the Blue Guitar” 1942年《一个世界的几个部分》”Parts of a World” 1947年《入夏》”Transport to Summer” 1950年《秋天的曙光》”The Auroras of Autumn” 1951年《必要的天使》”Necessary Angel” 19年”Collected Poems”获得了国家图书奖及普利策奖he received the National Book Award and the 《诗歌选集》Pulitzer Prize; 1957年《遗著》”Opus Posthumous” 1966年《书信集》”Letters”Letters” become a familiar figure to national television audiences who listened to him read his poems, sing folk ballads and”. Harmonium”; 《星期六早晨》”Sunday Morning其它作品:《谐音》“Harmonium”3. 他的作品滑稽、新奇、怪诞,他尝试过多种实验性写作风格,他作品中有法式优雅、奇异的幻想,及古怪的声音,引人入胜的类比,深不可测的书名等,其后期作品中反映的主要是理想与现实中交叉的矛盾,构造一系列的对立,冥想和哲理成份越来越多,作为杰出文化精英,他的作品有时艰深,有时古奥,他也承认他的Stevens invoked the invoked the comic, the comic, the comic, the strange, the strange, the strange, the bizarre. the bizarre. He bizarre. He adopted He adopted a adopted a variety a variety of variety of 作品是“为自己建造的一座殿堂”Stevens invoked experimental styles, created poetic surfaces of Frenchified elegance, exotic imagery, odd sounds, curious analogies, and inscrutable titles. The problem of the interrelation between the ideal and the real became a constant theme in hisphilosophical, an intellectual elitist, at times difficult and obscure, who wrote, as he admitted “for a gallery of one’s e’s own”own”. 4. 教材作品:” 《彼得·昆士弹琴》:”Peter Quince at the Clavier” 《坛子的轶事》:”Anecdote of the Jar” 《冰淇淋皇帝》:”The Emperor of Ice-Cream 六、Thomas Stearns Eliot托马斯·斯特恩斯·爱略特1888-1965 1948年诺贝尔奖(won the Nobel Prize in 1948) 1. 1917年第一本诗集《普鲁弗洛克及其它一些观察》his first book of poems “Prufrock and Other Observations”,同他后来的大部分作品一样,这部作品触及到了人性中的软弱、沮丧等弱点,正确地思索了国家、人民、宗like much of much of his of his later his later work later work it work it concerns it concerns various concerns various aspects various aspects of aspects of the of the frustration the frustration and frustration and enfeeblement and enfeeblement of enfeeblement of 教信仰等的丧失like much individual character as seen in perspective with the decay of states, peoples, and religious faith. 2. 1920年第四部《诗集》发行,第一首诗为《小老头》his fourth volume “Poems”“Gerontion”’s leading Poems”, with Gerontion” as itpoem, published. 1920年还出版了诗集《圣林》其中还收入了几篇杂文,在《传统和个人天才》文章中,作者第一次阐释了自己的审美观,他提出的美学原理成为了现代评论极为有效的一种评判标准。知识、情感、体in 1920 also 1920 also appeared also appeared “appeared “The Sacred WoodThe Sacred Wood”, containing, , containing, 验的融合程度与集中程度是爱略特判定诗歌好坏的标准in 1920 among other among other essays, other essays, “essays, “Tradition and Tradition and the and the Individual the Individual TalentIndividual Talent”Talent”, the , the earliest the earliest statement earliest statement of statement of his of his aesthetics. his aesthetics. The aesthetics. The aesthetic The aesthetic principle which instrument for principle which he which he first he first elaborated first elaborated in elaborated in this in this essay this essay provided essay provided a useful provided a useful instrument for modern criticism. modern criticism. The criticism. The degree The degree to degree to which fusion and concentration of intellects feeling, and experience were achieved was Eliot’s criterion for judging the poem. 3. 《荒原》是现代文学中的主要经典作品之一,讲述的主题就是第一次世界大战给人们的启示,荒原意味着西方文明的衰落,现代人在精神上和文化上的颓废,采用讽刺性对比,大量使用了文学引用,该作品中作者还The Waste Land”Land”, one , one of one of the of the major the major 创造了一种新的文学形式,即相关的主题在连续运动中构成交响效果 创造了一种新的文学形式,即相关的主题在连续运动中构成交响效果 “The Waste works of works of modern of modern literature. modern literature. Its literature. Its subject, the subject, the apparent the apparent failure apparent failure of failure of western civilization western civilization which civilization which World which World War World War I War I seemed to seemed to demonstrate, suggested the spiritual debility of the modern individual and his culture while in satirical counterpoint later poetry and led him to elaborate a series of oppositions, he became in his later work increasingly meditative andhis Sweeney poems had symbolized the rising tide of anticultural infidelity and human baseness. It used abundant of literary reference. It also introduced a form-the orchestration of related themes in successive movements. 4. 1925年《空心人》”The Hollow Men” 1930年《灰星期三》”Ash-Wednesday”Ash-Wednesday” 1943年《四个四重奏》”Four Quartets” 1924年,他的第二卷评论集《向德赖登致敬》”Homage to John Dryden”, his second volume of criticism 1932年《萎缩争论》”Sweeney Agonistes”; 《耶利尔诗集》”Ariel Poems” 1935年《大教堂凶杀案》”Murder in the Cathedral” 1936年《诗歌选集》”, “Collected Essays”, “Ancient and Modern” 、《论文集》、《古代和现代》“Collected Poems1933年《诗歌的用法和评论的用法》”The Uses of Poetry and the Uses of Criticism” 1952年《完美的诗歌与剧作》”The Complete Poems and Plays” 5. 他的戏剧作品:1939年《家庭重聚》”The Family Reunion” 1949年《鸡尾酒会》”The Cocktail Part” 1953年《机要秘书》”The Confidential Clerk” 1958年《政界元老》”The Elder Statesman” 6. 教材作品:Alfred Prufrock” 《J·阿尔弗雷德·普鲁弗洛克的情歌》”The Love Song of J·Preludes” 《序曲》”Preludes”” 《三贤哲的旅程》“Journey of the Magi” 《空心人 “The Hollow Men A Penny for the Old Guy《空心人 给老盖伊一文钱吧》 F· Scott Fitzgerald 七、F· F·司格特·菲茨杰拉德16-1940 1. 1920年他第一本小说”This Side of Paradise”取得名声后迎娶美人泽达won success, fame, and Zelda. 《人间天堂》这本小说描写了美国“躁动青年”的放荡和随意生活,该作品在商业上立刻获得了极大的成功,泽达和菲茨杰拉德也决心过上他小说中描述的这种放荡无羁的生活,他们甚至有过之而无不及The book, with its portrayal of the casual dissipations of “flaming youth”, was an immediate commercial success, and Zelda and Scott Fitzgerald attempted to live up to-or even beyond-his fictional portraits of scandalous young men and women. 2. 第二本小说《漂亮的和该死的》”The beautiful and Damned” ” 《爵士时代故事集》”Tales of the Jazz Age“from Postman to President” egetable” or 《蔬菜》或叫《从邮递员到总统》”The Vegetable”3. 1925年的《了不起的盖茨比》”The Great Gateby”及1934年的《夜色温柔》”,在这两部小“Tender Is the Night说中,菲茨杰拉德提示了外表闪耀着天真的时代中的刺耳喧嚣。他运用生动优雅的散文,揭露了美国拜金主had revealed the revealed the stridency the stridency of stridency of an of an age an age of age of 义的空虚,表现了美国人对爱情、豪华生活和各种欲望无止境的追求had revealed worship of riches and the unending American dream of love, splendor, and fulfilled desires. 4. 教材作品:” 《了不起的盖茨比》”The Great Gateby 八、Ernest Hemingway厄恩斯特·海明威19-1961 “mastery of 19年他因“现代叙述艺术的精湛技巧”而获得诺贝尔文学奖年他因“现代叙述艺术的精湛技巧”而获得诺贝尔文学奖he was awarded a Nobel Prize for his the art of modern narration”. 1961年在家自杀。 年在家自杀。 glittering innocence. In vivid and graceful prose he had, at the same time, portrayed the hollowness of the American1. 一战中作为美国在法国的救护队的一名志愿驾驶员到服役,后转移到意大利前线,后受重伤 In World 一战中作为美国在法国的救护队的一名志愿驾驶员到服役,后转移到意大利前线,后受重伤 In World WarI, he volunteered to serve as a driver for an American ambulance unit in France, then transferred to duty on theItalian front, where he was seriously wounded. 2. 他极大地推动了报告文学的发展,他认为报告文学句子结构要简单,用语要节制,想象要简练,要采用不受感情影响的、戏剧化的语调he developed a spare, tight, reportorial prose based on simple sentence structure and using a restricted vocabulary, precise imagery, and an impersonal, dramatic tone. 3. 1923年第一本书《三个故事和十篇诗歌》”Three Stories and Ten Poems” 4. 1926年《太阳照样升起》”The Sun Also Rises” 海明威逐渐成为了格特鲁特·斯泰因所说的“迷惘的一代”的“a lost generation”. 代言人 代言人 Hemingway became the spokesman for what Gertrude Stein had called 5. 对充斥于现代社会人们生活中的无聊、失败、死亡等,海明威有时做出的是消极评论,后来这种人生虚无主义的观点进行了修改,他反复运用坚定的语气声称,义的观点进行了修改,他反复运用坚定的语气声称,人凭借自己的勇气和方式,他反复运用坚定的语气声称,人凭借自己的勇气和方式,还是有可能过上美好生活的,人凭借自己的勇气和方式,还是有可能过上美好生活的,在海明威看来,人类最伟大莫过于在压力之下显示自己的从容,或“最大限度地挖掘自己使自己成为一个纯粹的人” 粹的人” His works have sometimes been read as an essentially negative commentary on a modern world filled with sterility, failure, and death. Yet such a nihilistic vision is repeatedly modified by Hemingway’s affirmative assertion of the possibility of living with style and courage. To Hemingway, man’s greatest achievement is to show grace under n’s greatest achievement is to show grace under pressure, or “purity of line through the maximum of exposure”. 6. 1929年《永别了,武器》”A Farewell to Arms” 1932年《死在午后》”Death in the Afternoon” 1935年《非洲的青山》”The Green Hills of Africa” 1940年《丧钟为谁而呜》”For Whom the Bell Tolls” 1950年《过河入林》”Across the River and into the trees” 1952年《老人与海》”The Old Man and the Sea” (triumphant even in defeat) 7. 教材作品:” 《永别了,武器》”A Farewell to Arms 九、John Steinbeck约翰·斯坦贝克1902-1968 1. 斯坦贝克对同时代社会问题的探讨,尤其是对无产农民的苦难的描写,于1940年获得普利策奖,1962年获Steinbeck’s treatment s treatment of treatment of the of the social the social problems social problems of problems of his of his time, his time, particularly time, particularly the particularly the plight the plight of plight of the of the 得了诺贝尔文学奖 得了诺贝尔文学奖 Steinbeck’dispossessed farmer, earned him a Pulitzer Prize in 1940, and, in 1962, a Nobel Prize for literature. 2. 他是二十世纪三十年代,美国大萧条时期最杰出的小说家was the foremost novelist of the American Depression of the 1930s 3. 由于他对人们苦难生活有着直接的接触,因此他的大部分作品表达的都是对那些移民工人和下层社会人们的His sympathy for the migrant workers and the 同情,他的作品反映的主要是体力劳动者的真实生活 His sympathy his concern with the rituals of manual labor. 4. 1935年《托蒂亚平地》”Tortilla Flat” ” 《胜负未决的战斗》”In Dubious Battle1937年《鼠与人》”Of Mice and Men” 1938年《长谷》” “The Long Valley1939年《愤怒的葡萄》”, 作品讲述的是“奥克斯”人从一个长期遭受干旱和沙暴袭击的“The Grapes of Wrath“沙尘谷”地区移民到加利福尼亚的一段故事,故事在移民的梦想破灭和悲惨的结局中结束,书中他肯定了showed the migration the migration of migration of the of the “the “Okies”Okies” from the from the “the “Dust BowlsDust Bowls”Bowls” to 普通老百姓为了生活与生命抗争的顽强品质 普通老百姓为了生活与生命抗争的顽强品质 showed the California, a California, a migration a migration that migration that ended that ended in ended in broken in broken dreams broken dreams and dreams and misery and misery but misery but at but at the at the same the same time same time affirmed time affirmed the affirmed the ability the ability of ability of the of the common people to endure and prevail. 19441年《科特兹之海》”The Sea of Cortez” 5. 教材作品:” 《愤怒的葡萄》”The Grapes of Wrath 十、William Faulkner威廉·福克纳17-1962 1950年获诺贝尔文学奖 年获诺贝尔文学奖 1. 1.1931年《圣殿》”Sanctuary”Sanctuary”; 1927; 1927年《沙多里斯》”Sartoris”Sartoris”.随后他开始认识到“故乡的一枚小小邮票也值得去写,故乡有它一辈子也写不完的素材,我把这些素材经过升华,最后成为小说,有了这些基础以后,“discovered”discovered”, as 我可以随心所欲地达到一种绝对的高境界。打开别人的金矿,为自己创造了一个宇宙”then he down-trodden, so evident in his writing, was the result of firsthand knowledge of their struggles. His writing reflected he said later, “that my own little postage stamp of native soil was worth writing about and that I would never livelong enough to exhaust it and that by sublimating the actual into the apocryphal I would have complete liberty to usmy own”. 2. 1929年《喧嚣与骚动》”The Sound and the Fury” 1930年《在我弥留之际》”As I Lay Dying” 1932年《八月之光》”Light in August” 1934年《马蒂诺医生和其它故事选》”Doctor Martino and Others Stories” 1949年《大树林》”Big Woods” 1936年《押沙龙,押沙龙》”Absalom, Absalom” 1942年《去吧,摩西》”Go Down, Moses” the trilogy on the Snopes 史努比家族三部曲,第1部1940年《小乡村》,第2部1957年《小镇》,第3部《大宅》,family: “The Hamlet”, “The Town”, “The Mansion”. 3. 尽管福克纳一生几乎都是在密西西比度过的,但他游历却非常广泛,他作品的中心主题却是不局限在牛津,也不在密西西比河,甚至也不在美国,在他看来,“人类心灵与自己冲突”才是宇宙永恒的主题although his home was always in Mississippi, Faulkner traveled extensively. His central theme, however, was not Oxford, or Mississippi, or even America. It was, as he put it, the universal theme of “the problems of the human heart in conflict with itself”. 4. 教材作品:” 《给艾米莉小姐的玫瑰》:“A Rose for Emily whatever talent I might have to its absolute top. It opened up a gold mine of other people, so I created a cosmos附:作者及作品(第一、二册) 附:作者及作品(第一、二册) 一、殖民主义时期 The Literature of Colonial America 1.船长约翰·史密斯 Captain John Smith 《自殖民地第一次在弗吉尼亚垦荒以来发生的各种事件的真实介绍》 “A A True True Relation True Relation of Relation of Such of Such Occurrences Such Occurrences and Occurrences and Accidents and Accidents of Accidents of Note of Note as Note as Hath as Hath Happened in Virginia Since the First Planting of That Colony” 《弗吉尼亚地图,附:一个乡村的描述》 “A Map of Virginia: with a Description of the Country” 《弗吉尼亚通史》 《弗吉尼亚通史》 “General History of Virginia” 2.威廉·布拉德福德 William Bradford 《普利茅斯开发历史》 《普利茅斯开发历史》 “The History of Plymouth Plantation” 3.约翰·温思罗普 John Winthrop 4 .《新英格兰历史》 《新英格兰历史》罗杰·威廉姆斯 Roger Williams “The History of New England” 《开启美国语言的钥匙》”A Key into the Language of America” 或叫《美洲新英格兰部分土著居民语言指南》 Or Or ““ A Help A Help to Help to the to the Language the Language of Language of the of the Natives the Natives in Natives in That in That Part That Part of Part of America Called New England ” 5.安妮·布莱德斯特 Anne Bradstreet 《在美洲诞生的第十个谬斯》 ”The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America” 二、理性和时期文学 The Literature of Reason and Revolution 1。本杰明·富兰克林 Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790) ※《自传》 《自传》 “ The Autobiography ” 《穷人理查德的年鉴》 《穷人理查德的年鉴》 “Poor Richard’s Almanac” 2。托马斯·佩因 Thomas Paine (1737-1809) ※《美国危机》 《美国危机》 “The American Crisis” 《收税官的案子》 《收税官的案子》 “The Case of the Officers of the Excise” 《常识》 《常识》 “Common Sense” 《》 《》 “Rights of Man” 《理性的时代》 《理性的时代》 “The Age of Reason” 《土地公平》 《土地公平》 “Agrarian Justice” 3。托马斯·杰弗逊 Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826) ※《宣言》 《宣言》 “The Declaration of Independence Independence” 4。菲利浦·弗瑞诺 Philip Freneau (1752-1832) ※《野忍冬花》 《野忍冬花》 “The Wild Honey Suckle” ※《印第安人的坟地》 《印第安人的坟地》 “The Indian Burying Ground” ※《致凯提·迪德》 迪德》 “To a Caty-Did” 《想象的力量》 《想象的力量》 “The Power of Fancy” 《夜屋》 《夜屋》 “The House of Night” 《英国囚船》 《英国囚船》 “The British Prison Ship” 《战争后期弗瑞诺主要诗歌集》 “The Poems of Philip Freneau Written Chiefly During the Late War” 《札记》 《札记》 “Miscellaneous WorksMiscellaneous Works”” 三、浪漫主义文学 The Literature of Romanticism 1。华盛顿·欧文 Washington Irving (1783-1859) ※※《作者自叙》 《作者自叙》《睡谷传奇》 《睡谷传奇》 “The Author’s Account of Himself”“The Legend of Sleepy Hollow” 《见闻札记》 《见闻札记》 “Sketch Book” 《乔纳森·欧尔德斯泰尔》 欧尔德斯泰尔》 “Jonathan Oldstyle” 《纽约外史》 《纽约外史》 “A History of New York” 《布雷斯布里奇庄园》 《布雷斯布里奇庄园》 “Bracebridge Hall” 《旅行者故事》 《旅行者故事》 “Tales of Traveller” 《查理二世》或《快乐君主》 “Charles the Second” Or “The Merry Monarch” 《克里斯托弗·哥伦布生平及航海历史》 哥伦布生平及航海历史》 “A History of the Life and Voyages of Christopher Columbus” 《格拉纳达征服编年史》”A Chronicle of the Conquest of Grandada” 《哥伦布同伴航海及发现》 ”Voyages and Discoveries of the Companions of Columbus” 《阿尔罕布拉》 《阿尔罕布拉》 “AlhambraAlhambra”” 《西班牙征服传说》 《西班牙征服传说》 “Legends of the Conquest of Spain” 《草原游记》 《草原游记》 “A Tour on the Prairies” 《阿斯托里亚》 《阿斯托里亚》 “AstoriaAstoria”” 《博纳维尔船长历险记》 《博纳维尔船长历险记》 “The Adventures of Captain Bonneville” 《奥立弗·戈尔德史密斯》 戈尔德史密斯》 ”Life of Oliver Goldsmith” 《乔治·华盛顿传》 华盛顿传》 “Life of George Washington” 2.詹姆斯·芬尼莫·库珀 James Fenimore Cooper (17-1851) ※《最后的莫希干人》 《最后的莫希干人》 “The Last of The Mohicans” 《间谍》 《间谍》 “The Spy” 《领航者》 《领航者》 “The Pilot” 《美国海军》 《美国海军》 “U.S. Navy” 《皮袜子故事集》 《皮袜子故事集》 “Leather Stocking Tales” 包括《杀鹿者》、《探路人》 《探路人》 ”The Deerslayer”, ”The Pathfinder” 《最后的莫希干人》 《最后的莫希干人》 “The Last of the Mohicans” 《拓荒者》、《大草原》 《大草原》 “The Pioneers”, “The Praire” 3。威廉·卡伦·布莱恩特 William Cullen Bryant (1794-1878) ※《死之思考》 《死之思考》 “Thanatopsis” ※《致水鸟》 《致水鸟》 “To a Waterfowl” 4。埃德加·阿伦·坡 Edgar Allan Poe (1809-1849) ※《给海伦》 《给海伦》 “To Helen” ※《乌鸦》 《乌鸦》 “The Raven” ※《安娜贝尔·李》 李》 “Annabel Lee” ※《鄂榭府崩溃记》 《鄂榭府崩溃记》 “The Fall of the House of Usher” 《金瓶子城的方德先生》 《金瓶子城的方德先生》 “Ms. Found in a Bottle” 《述异集》 《述异集》 “Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque” 5。拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生 Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803-1882) ※《论自然》 《论自然》 “Nature” ※《论自助》 《论自助》 “Self“Self--Reliance” 《美国学者》 《美国学者》 “The American Scholar” 《神学院致辞》 《神学院致辞》 “The Divinity School Address” 《随笔集》 《随笔集》 “EssaysEssays”” 《代表》 《代表》 “Representative Men” 《英国人》 《英国人》 “English Traits” 《诗集》 《诗集》 “PoemsPoems”” 6。亨利·戴维·梭罗 Henry David Thoreau (1817-1862) ※《沃尔登 《沃尔登 我生活的地方 我生活的地方 我为何生活》 我为何生活》 “Walden Where I Lived, and What I Lived For” 《平民反抗》 《平民反抗》 “Civil Disobedience” 7。纳撒尼尔·霍桑 Nathaniel Hawthorne (1804-18) ※《红字》 《红字》 “The Scarlet Letter” 《七尖角阁的房子》 《七尖角阁的房子》 “The House of the Seven Gables” 《海关大楼》 《海关大楼》 “The Custom House” 《福谷浪漫史》 《福谷浪漫史》 “The Blithedale Romance” 《古夏青苔》 《古夏青苔》 “Mosses From an Old Manse” 《宝石神像》 《宝石神像》 “The Marble Faun” 《伊桑·布兰德》 布兰德》 “Ethan Brand” 《小伙子布朗》 《小伙子布朗》 “Young Goodman Brown” 《海德格博士的体验》 《海德格博士的体验》 “Dr. HeideggerDr. Heidegger’’s Experiment” 《野心勃勃的客人》 《野心勃勃的客人》 “The Ambitious Guest” 《巨石脸》 《巨石脸》 “The Great Stone Face” 8。赫尔曼·麦尔维尔 Herman Melville (1819-11) ※《白鲸》 《白鲸》 “Moby Dick” 《泰皮》 《泰皮》 “Typee” 《欧穆》 《欧穆》 “OmooOmoo”” 《雷德车》 《雷德车》 “BedburnBedburn”” 《白外衣》 《白外衣》 “White-JacketWhite-Jacket”” 《比利·伯德》 伯德》 “Billy Budd” 《玛地》 《玛地》 “MardiMardi”” 《皮埃尔》 《皮埃尔》 “PierrePierre”” 《班内托·西兰尼》 西兰尼》 “Benito Cereno” 9。亨利·沃兹沃思·朗费罗 Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (1807-1882) ※《人生礼赞》 《人生礼赞》 “A Psalm of Life” ※《奴隶的梦》 《奴隶的梦》 “The Slave’s Dream” ※《逝去的青春》 《逝去的青春》 “My Lost Youth” ※《海华沙之歌 《海华沙之歌 海华沙的禁食》 海华沙的禁食》 “The Song of Hiawatha Hiawatha’s Fasting” 《海外记游》 《海外记游》 “Outre-MerOutre-Mer”” 《海华沙》 《海华沙》 “HiawathaHiawatha”” 《夜吟》 《夜吟》 “Voices of the Night” 《许珀里翁》 《许珀里翁》 “HyperionHyperion”” 《歌谣及其他》 《歌谣及其他》 “Ballads and other Poems” 《奴隶制度诗篇》 《奴隶制度诗篇》 “Poems on Slavery” 《伊凡吉林》 《伊凡吉林》 “EvangelineEvangeline”” 《迈克尔·安吉洛》 安吉洛》 “Michael Angelo” 《金星号遇难》 《金星号遇难》 “The Wreck of the Hesperus” 《精益求精》 《精益求精》 “ExcelsiorExcelsior”” 《乡村铁匠》 《乡村铁匠》 “The Village Blacksmith” 四、现实主义文学The Literature of Realism 1。沃尔特·惠特曼 Walt Whitman (1819-12) ※《自己之歌》 《自己之歌》 “Song of Myself” ※《我坐在这儿眺望着》 《我坐在这儿眺望着》 “I Sit and Look out” ※《敲呀!敲呀!鼓啊!》 “DRUM“DRUM-TAPS Beat! Beat! -TAPS Beat! Beat! Drums”Drums” 《草叶集》 《草叶集》 “Leaves of Grass” 2。爱米丽·狄金森 Emily Dickinson (1830-1886) ※《我品味未经酿造的饮料》 《我品味未经酿造的饮料》 ”I taste a liquor never brewed” ※《我意识到一场葬礼》 《我意识到一场葬礼》 “I felt a Funeral, in my Brain” ※《鸟儿沿着小径过来》 《鸟儿沿着小径过来》 “A Bird Came down the Walk—“ ※《我为美而死》 《我为美而死》 “I died for Beauty-but was scarce” ※《听到苍蝇的嗡嗡声—我死时》 “I heard a Fly buzz—when I died—“ ※《我不能等候死神》 《我不能等候死神》 “Because I could not stop for Death—“ 3。哈丽雅特·比彻·斯托 (1811-16) ※《汤姆叔叔的小屋》 《汤姆叔叔的小屋》 “Uncle Tom’s Cabin” 《汤姆叔叔小屋题解》 《汤姆叔叔小屋题解》 “A Key to Uncle Tom’s cabin” 《德雷德,阴暗大沼地的故事》 “Dred: A Tale of the Great Dismal Swamp” 4。马克·吐温 Mark Twain (1835-1910) ※《汤姆·索亚历险记》 索亚历险记》 ”The Adventures of Tom Sawyer” 《跳蛙》 《跳蛙》 “Jumping Frog” 《傻子国外旅行记》 《傻子国外旅行记》 “Innocents Abroad” 《艰苦岁月》 《艰苦岁月》 “Roughing It” 《镀金时代》 《镀金时代》 “The Gilded Age” 《密西西比河上的生活》 《密西西比河上的生活》 ”Life on the Mississippi” 《哈克贝里·费恩历险记》”Adventures of Huckleberry Finn” 《傻瓜威尔逊》 《傻瓜威尔逊》 “PuddPudd’’n head Wilson” 《败坏了哈德莱堡的人》”The Man that Corrupted Hadleybury” 《什么是人?》 《什么是人?》 “What is Man” 《神秘来客》 《神秘来客》 “The Mysterious Stranger” 5。欧·亨利 O·O· Henry (1862-1910) ※《与赞美诗》 《与赞美诗》 “The Cop and the Anthem” 《四百万》 《四百万》 “The Four Million” 《旧知》 《旧知》 “Retrieved Reformation” 《麦珙的礼物》 《麦珙的礼物》 “The Gift of the Magi” 《市政报告》 《市政报告》 “A Municipal Report” 《没讲完的故事》 《没讲完的故事》 “An Unfinished Story” 《月亮女神》 《月亮女神》 “PhoebePhoebe”” 《吝啬爱人》 《吝啬爱人》 “A Lickpenny Lover” 《装饰过的房间》 《装饰过的房间》 “The Furnished Room” 6。亨利·詹姆斯 Henry James (1843-1916) ※《一个贵妇人的画像》 《一个贵妇人的画像》 ”The Portrait of A Lady” 《观察和守护》 《观察和守护》 “Watch and Ward” 《罗德里克·赫德森》 赫德森》 “Roderick Hudson” 《美国人》 《美国人》 “The American” 《达西·密勒》 密勒》 “Daisy Miller” 《波士顿人》 《波士顿人》 “The Bostonians” 《卡萨玛西玛公主》 《卡萨玛西玛公主》 “The Princess Casamassima” 《悲惨的缪斯》 《悲惨的缪斯》 “The Tragic Muse” 《鸽翼》 《鸽翼》 “The Wings of the Dove” 《大使》 《大使》 “The Ambassadors” 《金碗》 《金碗》 “The Golden Bowl” 7。杰克·伦敦 Jack London (1876-1916) ※《海狼》 《海狼》 “The Sea Wolf” ※《马丁·伊登》 伊登》 “Martin Eden” 《狼子》 《狼子》 “The Son of the Wolf” 《荒野的呼唤》 《荒野的呼唤》 “The Call of the Wild” 《深渊中的人们》 《深渊中的人们》 “The People of the Abyss” 《海狼》 《海狼》 “The Sea Wolf” 《阶级的斗争》 《阶级的斗争》 “The War of the Classes” 《铁蹄》 《铁蹄》 “The Iron Heel” 《马丁·伊登》 伊登》 “Martin Eden” 《》 《》 “RevolutionRevolution”” 《生活的法则》 《生活的法则》 “The Law of Life” 《白牙》 《白牙》 “White Fong” 8。西奥多·德莱塞 Theodore Dreiser (1871-1945) ※《嘉莉妹妹》 《嘉莉妹妹》 “Sister Carrie” 《尼吉尔·杰夫》 杰夫》 “Nigger Jeff” 《巴塞尔·洛格劳的女儿》”Butcher Rogaum’s Daughter” 《珍妮姑娘》 《珍妮姑娘》 “Jannie Gerhardt” 《金融家》 《金融家》 “The Financier” 《巨人》 《巨人》 “The Titan” 《斯多葛》 《斯多葛》 “The Stoic” 《天才》 《天才》 “GeniusGenius”” 《德莱塞访苏印象记》 《德莱塞访苏印象记》 “Dreiser Looks at Russia” 五、二十世纪文学Twentieth—Century Literature 1。埃兹拉·龙德 Ezra Pound (1885-1972) ※《一台古钢琴》 《一台古钢琴》 “A Virginal” ※《再次致意》 《再次致意》 “Salutation the Second” ※《合同》 《合同》 “A Pact” ※《地铁站台》 《地铁站台》 “In a Station of the Metro” ※《长干行》 《长干行》 “The River-Merchant’s Wife:A Letter” 2。埃德温·阿林顿·罗宾逊Edwin Arlington Robinson (1869-1935) ※《山上的古屋》 《山上的古屋》 “The House on the Hill” ※《理查·珂利》 珂利》 “Richard Cory” ※《米尼弗·契维》 契维》 “Miniver Cheevy” 《蒂尔伯里小镇》 《蒂尔伯里小镇》 “Tilburg TownTilburg Town”” 《克雷格舰长》 《克雷格舰长》 “Captain Craig” 《本·琼生招待一个来自斯特拉福德的朋友》 “Ben Jonson Entertains a Man from Stratford” 《默林》 《默林》 “MerlinMerlin”” 《兰斯洛特》 《兰斯洛特》 “LancelotLancelot”” 《特拉斯特拉姆》 《特拉斯特拉姆》 “TristramTristram”” 3。罗伯特·弗洛斯特 Robert Frost (1874-1963) ※《摘罢苹果》 《摘罢苹果》 “After Apple-Picking” ※《没有走的路》 《没有走的路》 “The Road Not Taken” ※《雪夜林边小立》 “Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening” ※《部分》 《部分》 “Departmental” ※《设计》 《设计》 “Design” ※《大多数》 《大多数》 “The Most of It” 《小男孩的意志》 《小男孩的意志》 “A Boy’s Will” 《波士顿以北》 《波士顿以北》 “North of Boston” 《山陵》 《山陵》 “Mountain Interval” 《新罕布什尔》 《新罕布什尔》 “New Hampshire” 《小河西流》 《小河西流》 “West-Running BrookWest-Running Brook”” 《又一片农场》 《又一片农场》 “A Further Range” 《智慧树》 《智慧树》 “A Witness Tree” 《绒毛锈线菊》 《绒毛锈线菊》 “Steeple Bush” 《空旷地》 《空旷地》 “In the Clearing” 4。卡尔·桑德堡 Carl Sandburg (1878-1967) ※《芝加哥》 《芝加哥》 “ChicagoChicago”” ※《港湾》 《港湾》 “The Harbor” ※《雾》 《雾》 “FogFog”” ※《冰冷的墓》 《冰冷的墓》 “Cool TombsCool Tombs”” ※《闪烁的深红》 《闪烁的深红》 “Flash Crimson” ※《人民,是的》 《人民,是的》 “The People, Yes” 《芝加哥诗集》 《芝加哥诗集》 “Chicago Poems” 《剥玉米的人》 《剥玉米的人》 “CornhuskersCornhuskers”” 《烟与钢》 《烟与钢》 “Smoke and Steel” 《太阳烧灼的西方石板》”Slabs of the Sunburnt West” 《美国歌谣汇编》 《美国歌谣汇编》 “The American Songbag” 《芝加哥种族》 《芝加哥种族》 “The Chicago Race Riots” 《路特拜故事集》 《路特拜故事集》 “The Rootabaga Stories” 《摄影家斯泰肯》 《摄影家斯泰肯》 “Steichen the Photographer” 《玛丽·林肯》 林肯》 “Mary Lincoln” 《亚伯拉罕·林肯》 林肯》 “Abraham Lincoln” 5。华莱士·斯蒂文斯 Wallace Stevens (1879-1955) ※《彼得·昆士弹琴》 昆士弹琴》 “Peter Quince at the Clavier” ※《坛子的轶事》 《坛子的轶事》 “Anecdote of the Jar” ※《冰淇淋皇帝》 《冰淇淋皇帝》 “The Emperor of Ice-Cream” 《风琴》 《风琴》 “HarmoniumHarmonium”” 《关于秩序的思想》 《关于秩序的思想》 “Ideas of Order” 《带蓝吉它的人》 《带蓝吉它的人》 “The Man with the Blue Guitar” 《一个世界的几个部分》 《一个世界的几个部分》 ”Parts of a World” 《入夏》 《入夏》 “Transport to Summer” 《秋天的曙光》 《秋天的曙光》 “The Auroras of Autumn” 《必要的天使》 《必要的天使》 “Necessary Angel” 《诗歌选集》 《诗歌选集》 “Collected Poems” 《遗著》 《遗著》 “Opus Posthumous” 《谐音》 《谐音》 “HarmoniumHarmonium”” 《星期六早晨》 《星期六早晨》 “Sunday Morning” 6。托马斯·斯特恩斯·爱略特 Thomas Stearns Eliot (1888-1965) ※《J·阿尔弗雷德·普鲁弗洛克的情歌》 普鲁弗洛克的情歌》 “The Love Song of J· Alfred Prufrock” ※《序曲》 《序曲》 “PreludesPreludes”” ※《三贤哲的旅程》 《三贤哲的旅程》 “Journey of the Magi” ※《空心人 《空心人 给老盖伊一文钱吧》”The Hollow Men A Penny for Old Guy” 《普鲁弗洛克及其它一些观察》 《普鲁弗洛克及其它一些观察》 ”Prufrock and Other Observations” 《诗集》 《诗集》 “PoemsPoems”” 《圣林》 《圣林》 “The Sacred Wood” 《传统和个人天才》 《传统和个人天才》 “Tradition and the Individual Talent” 《荒原》 《荒原》 “The Waste Land” 《空心人》 《空心人》 “The Hollow Men” 《灰星期三》 《灰星期三》 “Ash-Wednesday” 《四个四重奏》 《四个四重奏》 “Four Quartets” 《向德赖登致敬》 《向德赖登致敬》 “Homage to John Dryden” 《萎缩争论》 《萎缩争论》 “Sweeney Agonistes” 《耶利尔诗集》 《耶利尔诗集》 “Ariel Poems”
” 《大教堂凶杀案》 《大教堂凶杀案》 “Murder in the Cathedral
” 《诗歌的用法和评论的用法》”The Uses of Poetry and the Uses of Criticism
。约翰斯坦贝尔
” ※《愤怒的葡萄》 《愤怒的葡萄》 “The Grapes of Wrath” 《科特兹之海》 《科特兹之海》 “The Sea of Corctz” 《长谷》 《长谷》 “The Long Valley” 《鼠与人》 《鼠与人》 “Of Mice and Men” 《胜负末决的战斗》 《胜负末决的战斗》 “In Dubious Battle
Tortilla Flat” 《托蒂亚平地》 《托蒂亚平地》 “Tortilla Flat”。威廉福克纳
” ※《给艾米莉小姐的玫瑰》“A Rose for Emily” 《家庭重聚》 《家庭重聚》 “The Family Reunion” 《鸡尾酒会》 《鸡尾酒会》 “The Cocktail Party
” 《机要秘书》 《机要秘书》 “The Confidential Clerk” 《政界元老》 《政界元老》 “The Elder Statesman
” 《完美的诗歌与剧作》 《完美的诗歌与剧作》 “The Complete Poems and Plays。司各特菲茨杰拉德
※《了不起的盖茨比》 《了不起的盖茨比》 “The Great Gatsby” 《人间天堂》 《人间天堂》 “This Side of Paradise” 《漂亮的和该死的》 《漂亮的和该死的》 “The Beautiful and Damned” 《爵士时代故事集》 《爵士时代故事集》 “Tales of the Jazz Age” 《蔬菜》 《蔬菜》 “The Vegetableegetable”
” 或叫《从邮递员到总统》或叫《从邮递员到总统》
“from Postman to President” 《夜色温柔》 《夜色温柔》 “Tender Is the Night” 。厄恩斯特海明威
※《永别了,武器》 《永别了,武器》 “A Farewell to Arms” 《三个故事和十篇诗歌》”Three Stories and Ten Poems” 《太阳照样升起》 《太阳照样升起》 “The Sun Also Rises” 《丧钟为谁而鸣》 《丧钟为谁而鸣》 “For Whom the Bell Tolls” 《死在午后》 《死在午后》 “Death in the Afternoon” 《非洲的青山》 《非洲的青山》 “The Green Hills of Africa
” 《过河入林》 《过河入林》 “Across the River and into the Trees” 《老人与海》 《老人与海》 “The Old Man and the Sea”
《圣殿》 《圣殿》 “SanctuarySanctuary”” 《沙多里斯》 《沙多里斯》 “SartorisSartoris”
” 《喧嚣与骚动》 《喧嚣与骚动》 “The Sound and the Fury” 《在我弥留之际》 《在我弥留之际》 “As I Lay Dying” 《八月之光》 《八月之光》 “Light in August
” 《马蒂诺医生和其它故事选》 《马蒂诺医生和其它故事选》 ”Doctor Martino and Others Stories
” 《武士的行动》 《武士的行动》 “KnightKnight’’s Gambit” 《大树林》 《大树林》 “Big WoodsBig Woods”” 《押沙龙,押沙龙》 《押沙龙,押沙龙》 “Absalom, Absalom” 《去吧,摩西》 《去吧,摩西》 “Go Down, Moses” 《小乡村》 《小乡村》 “The Hamlet” 《小镇》 《小镇》 “The TownThe Town”” 《大宅》 《大宅》 “The Mansion”
因篇幅问题不能全部显示,请点此查看更多更全内容
Copyright © 2019- igat.cn 版权所有 赣ICP备2024042791号-1
违法及侵权请联系:TEL:199 1889 7713 E-MAIL:2724546146@qq.com
本站由北京市万商天勤律师事务所王兴未律师提供法律服务