专业英语八级(改错)模拟试卷206(题后含答案及解析)

专业英语八级（改错）模拟试卷206 (题后含答案及解析)

题型有： 3. LANGUAGE USAGE

PART III LANGUAGE USAGE

When asked how they define the American Dream, most people will say, “Success. “ The dream of individual opportunity has been at home in【S1】______America when Europeans discovered a “new world” in the Western【S2】______Hemisphere. Early immigrants like Hector St. Jean de Crevecoeurspoke highly the freedom and opportunity to be found in this new【S3】______land. His glowing descriptions of a classless society where anyonecould attain success through honesty and hard work has fired the【S4】______imaginations of many European readers. In Letters from an American Farmer(1782)he wrote, “We are all excited at the spirit of anindustry which is unfettered and restrained, because each person【S5】______works for himself... We have no princes, for which we toil, starve,【S6】______and bleed; we are the most perfect society now existing in theworld. “ The promise of a land where “ the awards of a man’s【S7】______industry follow with equal steps the progress of his labor” drew poor immigrants from Europe and fueled national expansion into the western territories. Our national mythology is full of illustrations of the American success story. There’s Benjamin Franklin, the very model of the self-educated, self-made man, who rose from modest origins to become a well-known scientist, philosopher, and statesman. The notion of success haunts us; we spent millions every year reading【S8】______about rich and famous, learning how to “ make a fortune in real【S9】______estate with no money downward,” and “dressing for success. “ The【S10】______myth of success has even invaded our personal relationships; today it’s as important to be “successful” in marriage or parenthood as it is to come out on top in business.

1． 【S1】

正确答案：at—去掉at

解析：介词冗余。be at home表示“在家，感到随便”，而be home表示“回家，扎根”，这里的含义是“自从欧洲人发现了这个新，个人机遇的梦想就在美国扎根了。”故应把at删去。 知识模块：改错

2． 【S2】

正确答案：when—since

解析：连词误用。此处主句使用的是完成时，因此伏语从句一般使用since，表示“自从……时候”。 知识模块：改错

3． 【S3】

正确答案：highly∧一of

解析：介词缺失。speak highly of是固定搭配，表示“赞扬”。 知识模块：改错

4． 【S4】

正确答案：has—have

解析：主谓不一致。此处主语和谓语距离较远，主语his glowing descriptions是复数，所以应把has改为have。 知识模块：改错

5． 【S5】

正确答案：restrained—unrestrained

解析：语义错误。此处and连接的应该是近义词，而且文章中说“这种勤奋精神让我们兴奋，这是一种无拘无束的精神。”restrained表示“受的”，和上下文语义不符，应该改成它的反义词unrestrained。 知识模块：改错

6． 【S6】

正确答案：which—whom

解析：关系代词误用。定语从句的先行词是princes，所以用which错误，应该使用指代人的关系代词，因为前面有介词for，所以应该使用宾格形式whom。 知识模块：改错

7． 【S7】

正确答案：awards—rewards

解析：词义混淆。awards表示“获奖”，而rewards表示“回报”。这句话的意思是“对一个人的勤奋的回报紧随他付出的劳动且与之成正比。”因此应该使用rewards。 知识模块：改错

8． 【S8】

正确答案：spent—spend

解析：时态错误。此句的时间状语every year及前面的谓语动词haunts都表明该句时态应为一般现在时。 知识模块：改错

9． 【S9】

正确答案：∧rich—the 解析：冠词缺失。“the+形容词”表示一类人，这里rich and famous是形容词转化为名词的形式，前面必须使用定冠词the，表示“富人和名人”。 知识模

块：改错

10． 【S10】

正确答案：downward—down

解析：固定搭配错误。money down是固定用法，表示“现款支付”，这句话的意思是“学习如何在没有现金的情况下利用不动产致富。” 知识模块：改错

Conventional wisdom about conflict seems pretty much cut and dried. Too little conflict breeds apathy and stagnation. Too much conflict leads to divisiveness and hostility. Moderate levels ofconflict, so, can spark creativity and motivate people in a healthy【S1】______and competitive way. Recent research by Professor Charles R. Schwenk, however,suggests that the optimal level of conflict may be complex to【S2】______determine than these simple generalizations. He studied perceptions of conflict among a sample of executives. Some of the executives worked for profit-seeking organizations and others for non-profit organizations. Somewhat surprised, Schwenk found that opinions about【S3】______conflict varied systematically as a function of the type of organization. Specifically, managers in non-profit organizations strongly believed that conflict was beneficial to their organizationsand that they promoted higher quality decision-making than might be【S4】______achieved at the absence of conflict.【S5】______ Managers of for-profit organizations saw a different picture. They believed that conflict generally was damaging and usually ledto good quality decision-making in their organizations. Schwenk【S6】______interpreted these results in the terms of the criteria for effective【S7】______decision-making suggested by the executives. In the profit-seekingorganizations, decision-making effectiveness was mostly often【S8】______assessed in financial terms. The executives believed that consensusother than conflict enhanced financial indicators.【S9】______ In the non-profit organizations, decision-making effectivenesswas defined from the perspective of satisfying constituents. Giving【S10】______the complexities and ambiguities associated with satisfying many diverse constituents, executives perceived that conflict led to more considered and acceptable decisions.

11． 【S1】

正确答案：so一however

解析：衔接副词误用。上文分别列举了争论太少、争论太多和争论适量的情况，是几种情况的对比，因此此处上下文没有因果关系，应该用表示转折关系的however。 知识模块：改错

12． 【S2】

正确答案：be∧一more

解析：形容词比较级错误。本句的意思是“比起那些简单的概括，争论的最优水平因较复杂而难以确定”，且从后面的than一词可看出这里用了比较级，所以应该是more complex。 知识模块：改错

13． 【S3】

正确答案：surprised—surprisingly

解析：词性混用。surprised是形容词，意思是“惊奇的”，surprising的意思是“令人惊奇的”，而且此处需要单独的副词作状语，所以用surprisingly。 知识模块：改错

14． 【S4】

正确答案：they—it

解析：代词误用。此处的代词应指代conflict，意为“争论会促进高质量的决策”，所以用it。 知识模块：改错

15． 【S5】

正确答案：at—in

解析：固定搭配中的介词误用。in the absence of是固定搭配，意思是“缺少……，缺乏……”。 知识模块：改错

16． 【S6】

正确答案：good—poor

解析：语义错误。本句的意思是“他们认为争论一般都具有破坏性，通常会导致低质量的决策。”所以语义上应该是和damaging一致的，用poor quality。 知识模块：改错

17． 【S7】

正确答案：the—去掉the

解析：固定搭配中的冠词冗余。in terms of是固定搭配，意为“以……的方式”。 知识模块：改错

18． 【S8】

正确答案：mostly—most

解析：副词误用。mostly作副词表示“多半地，主要地”，而此处应该用最高级修饰often，表示“经常”。 知识模块：改错

19． 【S9】

正确答案：other—rather

解析：语义错误。other than的意思是“除了，不同于”，而rather than的意思是“而不是”，本句意思是“管理人员认为，意见一致而不是争论更能增强金融指标”，所以应该用rather than。 知识模块：改错

20． 【S10】

正确答案：Giving—Given

解析：动词形式错误。given在这里是介词，意思是“考虑到，鉴于，由于”，而giving只是动词give的动名词形式，没有这个用法，此句的意思是“考虑到要使不同成员满意是复杂且不确定的，管理人员们认为争论会带来更加深思熟虑和可接受的决定。” 知识模块：改错

Why do so many Americans distrust what they read in their newspapers? The American Society of Newspaper Editors is trying to answer this painful question. The organization is deep into a long self-analysis known as the journalism credibility project. Sadly to say, this project has turned out to be mostly low-level【S1】______findings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes,combining with lots of head-scratching puzzlement about what【S2】______in world those readers really want.【S3】______ But the sources of distrust go way deeper. Most journalists learn to see the world through a set of standard templates(patterns)which they plug each day’s events. In other words, there is a【S4】______conventional story line in the newsroom culture that provides a backbone and a ready-made narrative structure for otherwise confusing news. There is a social and cultural disconnection between journalistsand their readers, which help explain why the “standard templates”【S5】______of the newsroom seem alien to many readers. In a recently survey,【S6】______questionnaires were sent to reporters in five middle-size cities around the country, plus one large metropolitan area. Thenresidents in these communities were phoned at randomly and asked【S7】______the same questions. Replies show that compared with other Americans, journalists are more likely to live in upscale neighborhoods, have maids, ownMercedes, and trade stocks, and they’re more likely to go to【S8】______church, do volunteer work, or put up roots in a community.【S9】______ Reporters tend to be part of a broadly defined social and cultural elite, so their work tends to reflect the conventional values of this elite. The astonishing distrust of the news media isn’t rootedin inaccuracy or poor reportorial skills and in the daily clash of world【S10】______views between reporters and their readers.

21． 【S1】

正确答案：Sadly一Sad

解析：词性混用。Sad to say的意思是“遗憾的是”，这是一个省略句，补充完整应该是“I amsad to say”，所以此处应该用形容词Sad。 知识模块：改错

22． 【S2】

正确答案：combining—combined

解析：非谓语动词误用。combine…with…的意思是“与……结合，和……一起”，这里用此短语的非谓语形式修饰low-level findings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes，由于low-level findings与head-scratching puzzlement是被结合到一起的，因此用combine的过去分词形式表被动。 知识模块：改错

23． 【S3】

正确答案：in∧一the

解析：固定搭配中的冠词缺失。in the world是固定搭配，意思是“到底，究竟”。 知识模块：改错

24． 【S4】

正确答案：∧which—into

解析：介词缺失。此处为定语从句，从句中的plug…into的意思是“插入”，此处into被提前，和which一起引导定语从句，从句缺少了into就不完整了。句子的意思是”多数新闻记者都学着用一套标准的模式去看待世界，并把每天发生的事件纳入这种模式中。” 知识模块：改错

25． 【S5】

正确答案：help—helps

解析：主谓不一致。此处为which引导的非性定语从句，先行词是前面的一整句话，而不是their readers，所以谓语动词应该用单数helps，这句话的意思是“新闻记者和读者之间存在着社会和文化方面的脱节，这就是新闻编辑室的‘标准模式’与众多读者的意趣相差甚远的原因。” 知识模块：改错

26． 【S6】

正确答案：recently—recent

解析：词性混用。修饰名词survey应使用形容词，故将recently改为recent。 知识模块：改错

27． 【S7】

正确答案：randomly—random

解析：固定搭配错误。at random是固定搭配，意思是“随机地，任意地”。 知识模块：改错

28． 【S8】

正确答案：more—less

解析：语义错误。根据上下文，这里是在比较新闻记者和读者的差异，本句的意思应该是“新闻记者更有可能居住在富人区，配有女佣和奔驰车并且炒股，而他们去教堂、参加志愿者服务或扎根于社区的可能性却较小。” 知识模块：改错

29． 【S9】

正确答案：up—down

解析：固定搭配错误。put down roots in的意思是“扎根于”。 知识模块：改错

30． 【S10】

正确答案：and—but

解析：连词误用。结合上下文，这句话的意思是“读者对新闻媒介惊人的不信任的根源并非是报道失实或报道技巧差，而是记者和读者之间世界观的冲突。”not…but…指“不是……而是……”，所以此处应该用but。 知识模块：改错