2008年21卷5期 西南农业学报 V0l_21 No.5 Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences 1343 文章编号:1001—4829(2008)05—1343—05 景观规划对滩地型旅游地旅游 资源类型的多样化促进分析 以郑州黄河滩地为例 乔丽芳 ,李东升 ,郑树景 (1.河南科技学院园林学院,河南新乡453003;2.河南科技大学林学院,河南洛阳471003) 摘要:景观规划可以有效增加滩地型旅游地的旅游资源的类型。以郑州市黄河滩地为例,定量化分析景观规划前后旅游资源类 型的变化。郑州黄河滩地原旅游资源有主类7、亚类16、基本类型25。通过景观规划使旅游资源类型达到主类8、亚类25、基本类 型68,较景观规划前分别增加了l4%、56%、172%。地文景观、水域景观、生物景观、天象与气候景观、遗址遗迹、建筑与设施、旅 游商品、人文活动等的基本类型新增数分别占总数的20%、33%、45%、67%、0、8O%、100%、80%。郑州黄河滩地的旅游资源 主类、亚类、基本类型占全国的比例分别由景观规划前的87.5%、51.6%、16.1%提高到100%、76%、43.9%,分别增加了12.5 %、24.4%和27.8%。 关键词:景观规划;旅游资源;滩地型旅游地 中图分类号:TU986 文献标识码:A Diversiifcation analysis on the tourism resources types of the floodplain tourist destination promoted by landscape planning 。a case study in the Yellow River floodplain of Zhengzhou City,China QIAO IA—fang。,LI Dong—sheng ,ZHENG Shu-jing (1.College of Landscape Architecture,Henan Institute of Science and Technology,Henan Xinxiang 453003,China;2.Forestry College Henan University of Science and Technology,Henan Luoyang 471003,China) Abstract:Landscape Planning can effectively raise the tourism resources types of lfoodplain tourist destination.As a case study in the Yellow River lfoodplain of Zhengzhou City,we analyzed the quantitative changes in tpyes of tourism resources before and after the landscape plan— ning.The former tourism resources of the Yellow River lfoodplain of Zhengzhou City include 7 main classes,16 subclsases and 25 basic types. New tourism resources have been constructed through lnadscape planning,consisting of 8 main classes,25 subclasses and 68 basic types,with the increasing rate of 14%,56%,and 172%respectively.The increases in landscape,water landscape,biological landscape,sky and eli- mate landscape,relics sites,buildings and facilities,tourism commodities and cultural activities account for20%,33%,45%,67%,0.80 %,100%,80%ofthe total respectively.The proportions ofthe main classes,subclasses and basic tpyes ofYellow River lfoodplain tourism resources to those ofthe whole country have increased from 87.5%,51.6%,16.1%to 100%,76%and 43.9%,with the increasing rate of 12.5%。24.4%,and 27.8%respectively. Key words:lnadscape planning;tourism resources;floodplain tourist destination Being one special landscape resources[¨,flood. vation,environment puriifcation,and biodiversity main— plain has many ecological functions on climate regula— taining 引with highly visual aesthetic value and recrea— tion,water sources conservation,soil and water conser— tional value[ .Floodplain—tourism(hereinafter referred to tourism land)means the overall regional or individu— Accepted date:2008一o4—12 al segments within ease—floodplain for sightseeing.Many Foundation item:Supported by the Science and Technology Project of Henan Provincila Science and Technology Department of China ifver floodplains have been constructed as the well— (0424490012),Supported by Major Program of Henan Instiutte of known tourist spots with planning.The Oranges Island Science and Technology(040132) Author introduction:QIAO u—fang(1978一),Female,M.D., scenic area of Xiangjiang River of Changsha City is fa— Docent,Research fields:landscape planning and design.E-mail: mous for its beautiful natural scenery and rich humani— qiaolifang2002@l63.corn ties foundation【 .The Chongming Island of Yangtze 1344 西南农业学报 21卷 Fig.1 Location of the study area River of Shanghai City has been constructed into a Travel Bureau as‘tourism resources classification,in. tourist destination integrating environmental protection, vestigation and evaluation’(GB/T 1 8972-2003).In biodiversity conservation,economic production and sci. hte national standard,the tourism resources were divid. entific research C 5。. ed into 8 main classes,3 1 subclasses and 155 basic The studied area is located in the Huiji distirct of types.The landscape planning was carried out based on Zhengzhou City,southern coast of the Yellow River, the inventory of its existing resources,with the basic with its geographical coordinating between 34。45 一 principle of types increasing,guided by theories of 34。57 N.118。29 一118。54 E.It is 27 km long from landscape ecology,ecology,ecological engineering,and 出e east to the west.with the totaI area about 67 km lnadscape design.Through the analysis of factors as (Figure 1).The studied area consists of two types of hydrological conditions,topography,geology,soil,envi— lfoodplains:the floodplain less endangered by flooding ronmental quality,land use,traffic and urban gathered and the seasonal inundation zone submerged jn the force,the tourism landscape that is of clear positioning, lfood period and exposed in the dry seasonl6 J.Though functional compound,sturcturla clarity and building vi— the overall water level of the Yellow River changes able can be constructed.The function division of the greatly,this area is free from.the changes because of landscape and its main functions or characteristics are the strong ability in water storage and regulation which as follows(Figure 2):(i)Ecological Shelter Forest ai— is brought by the operation of the Xiaolangdi project. ming at forming the no.hem ecological barriers of The Yellow River is famous for its long culture history Zhengzhou City;(ii) Mangsh an Ridge eco—tourism zone and abundant heritage.As the”Mother River”of Chi— aiming at the construction of public welfare and recrea— na.山e Yellow River has the world reputation for its tion ornamental forest and the development of eco— forceful and magnificent landscapes with the meander- tourism;(iii)Botanical Garden and Forest Park aiming ing scenery and graceful outlook.A variety of biological at the conservation and domestication of native plant lives inhabit the luxuriant wetland of the Yellow River. germplasm resources and development of forest Being adhering to the north Yellow River and the West tourism;(iv)Forest leisure Resort aiming at the build— Mangshan Mountain,the Yellow River floodplain is a— ing of high quality environment and exploitation of for— bundant in good vegetation through the previous con— est vacation tourism;(v)Yellow River Cultural District sturction of the ecological forestyr pmject with high po— aiming at the protection and use of existing resources tentila for the tourism development characterized by and development of new modern cultural landscape,ex— ‘hill,water,forestyr and culture.’ ploiting the cultural tourism of hte YeHow River;(vi) 1 Methods Agriculture Demonstration Area aiming at the develop— ment of urban agriculture and hi—tech agriculture;(vii) We conducted quantitative analysis to study the herding demonsrtation zone aiming at the grass plant— .changes in the types of tourism resources before and af- ing,animal husbandry and demonsrtation and extension ter landscape planning.The investigation and classifica. of product process;(viii)The Island Recreational tion of the tourism resources were referred to t}le na— Sports and Water Spots aiming at the development of tional standards issued in 2003 by the China National iftness and recreational water spots;(ix)Wetland Pro— 5期 乔丽芳等:景观规划对滩地型旅游地旅游资源类薹!的多样化促进分析——以郑州黄河滩地为例 1345 tection Zones aiming at the protection of common aiming at both the conservation of biological diversity and the development of wedand eeo—tourism. cranes and other wedand wildlife;(X)Wetland Park Fig.2 Landscape subarea chart of the Yellow River floodplain of Zhengzhou City,China 2 Results Table 1 The types of tourism resources of the YeHow River floodplain of Zhengzhou M血chsses H 汕。s曲c1asses eI-RI ̄ O“U0 上LeI r 蛐}Basic t es 嗽 ‘ l1l出e_Positon ior manjfest ilDns Natu‘r。al Geographic landscapes touristAAo Floodpltntouriast destinatioa .AADo The YellowP ̄qEi"fioodplain 出stmation A o Oeobg ̄al and (GL) la/l ̄Olq'rl p ̄cessAC, and n ̄vemen1 Floodplain Gullyland DurIe land ACH・TheMa-Ns ̄-u Ridge gully ACM_Fl00dplain recreation ACN.T e矗眦rh fl0。dpl心。f k Veu0w .n r Insular a.rea AEA・Peninsula riverbank BAA・EXIStL ̄riveffront landscape BBA* wlake。lover lake BBB・The lloWRiverwetla_ud e 咖 瓣 ・ lI es 三 : cA’C L,廿● D Sightseeing recreation reach Sihtgseeingrecerationlake area Swarap a_udweth_ud Forest lald t嬲 Single tree Grass1and Pasture CAB★Naturalgracefullandscape grove CAC,Lalmlscape trees with graceNl attitude cBA★ 一 唧ec. Flowetland Woodlandp ̄ture CC★FGrassp orest —I Wer I8nd CBB.Existingnveffm ̄greel&space CCA★Inner major tourism area CCB★linermalortourism&Yea CDA.MomtMu i00 species fishinhabited CDB・21species mammals inhabited CDe・169 species birds inhabited CDE・Mu]ti butterflies inhabited Aquatic animalhabitat Wildlife‘s habitat CD. Butterflies Astronomicat phenomena and climateD・ lattdscape m Observation points of sunrise and starsDAA.sunset located m血lge of te Yelhlow Lihtg phenomenon DA,Observation sites of ̄mg moor, №r Weather ∞ eI'IDIt1.eItoD .(APCL) hand Phe ̄logylandscape DB’Ground。fpreveming suustroke… 一 D卧 吣 Site amt relic (SR) Pre t0 h蝴EA. Cultural relics fallout ground activity"lace 一一 YellowR rHuayuard ̄ou sites Sites and i'emains Historical event ogculTence ground EBA.The nc・ 言 蛆 岫 EBB・Ancient battlefreld ofcentral China lita.Sr sites and ancien1battlefield society,F_B, Mihbando ̄dtemp ̄s EBC・Han dyrtasty LoyalV,fearless d ecmtomy and of 1346 西南农业学报 21卷 eultm'e activity sacriifcedtemple of J ̄in Waste productionGround EBD ̄Battlef ̄Ids,fisheries etc Town and village、脚fe sites EBF・ , E m te hmg 皿re0 ⅢhFAA,technolo ̄r demonstration area, egt啪地nmnls Botanical ̄den锄dwetlandpark Sp。rtsplayandleisul ̄resort FAB*怒fli0sular ̄m: 叫sisports 璺nlu e 眦 .G砌en al n地瘩ion lounsm n眦l1es PA★Places ofcultmal acti。vities FAD*IFAE*Innermajo ̄tomistAgrinnsrcult orural t douremonstratiist aar1 ae on,zoneSocial andbusiness stage FAG*Y 】ow R er cun、l赳district ’, the The animal andplant display FAH士 啪 m∞ Featuresviev,/ngpoints FAK*Im ̄ermaio ̄tourist 81',ea Wetls ̄d mt ̄c,eun%cultural cente s of M ivitYFB,Exh蛐 州 舢 飓 监 aIln L £L【lUJu y I【L u工【Lc L0・ 。 SportsFieldMuseum FBD*Innerisland recreational sports Lan ̄cape …Plaza FCI.Inr ̄r n or tourist a埘a 一…. ,g ar F. Arcnec tu ̄. ★BuildingPieces FCK.Innermaj0rtourist 8er.a ,Ⅱ 、 螂 i0 and Vernacu1arFDA★ILl^★ nner I a 【lc a U itural demo tmtm. ,. . I n 工I_zom 上un , nc andFD・, chmte出tics e FDB★ 摇 器; 篙 “∞ Ce ̄bfit/s ̄onuer residence and耳nnMac Zeclong Inspecting Memorial ofO mmumt y toricalMe啪 Building u .XiaodmgMO 出 Guild FDF*Innerforest tourismmsoi't Characteristics shop FDG*Innera ̄Ticulturaldemoustration"zol ̄ Market characteristics FDH*Inneragricultural dem0nstrati0nz0m .. 一 T0mb(cluster) FEB・Ma醒Mour ̄ainT ks B na上p扭 。。 PE’ Ha g cof虹 FEC・Ha ̄ ing coffni ofMang Mountain T c ruc io F.Bridge 眦・ 。 PlankwaV FFE,Innerwetlandpark Reservoir。sightseeing open section FOA*Inner ego—tom'ism zone of Ma_ ̄Ridge …H , Dam sect rOD.Yellow River levee 蛳hn。。 m Pu’1吨ationArea FOE*Inner a驰ultural demonstration zon8 Oredreddiet GAA*Irm ̄r agriculturaldemonstrationzorIe Aquatic produsts and goods GAC.Irm ̄r a unural dernonstration zone Touri皇t Local l Chinese herbs andproducts GAD★BInmr ag ri cultural d。 ns rat∞n 。ne’ 。lanicenCommodities lG★pmducts OA.Traditional manual pmdusts Id AF Inner a ̄cultural ders? ns!mtion zoen, (TC)handicrafts ……Yver cul.ellowRituraldistrict ....,一 一- .. A删11ltuml demoustmtmn ZOne. A u 珈 ,±orestxy and livesio GAB★A m矗1 h曲 ldw demonstration pmduc伫 garden HAA・Manyhi,toricelfigures Pe培Ormel erCOrds HA・ Fi黜s Events HAB・Ma盯histotical events Art HB★ Literal' ̄and artistic works HBB★Ira ̄r 11ow River cultural disttict Local customs and civil etiquette HCA,Inner"re11owRiver culturaldistric1 HCB★Inner Ye11owRiver culturaldistnct ac tivity Folk customs胁 F01kfestival (HA) …。。 CMIperforming arts HCC★Inner Ye11owRiver cultumldistrict Civilfithessactivities and ents HCD★Inner island rec atiohal sports Diel custom HC0★Inner a ̄riculturaldemonstrationzone M0demfes【 HD★ To11 sm fbsl al HDA*Inner majortou {area Cultural festievl HDB.Irmer Yellow River cultural district Note:— ̄means al tourism ̄urce; ̄j ̄meRns the newly increased tourism resources after landscape planning・ Through the landscape planning and the improve- 3 Discussions and Conclusion ment of existing tourism resources with added new re— sources,the tourism land integrating ecological protec— hTe original tourism resources of the Yellow River tion,landscape admiration,leisure resorts,economic lfoodplain include 7 main classes,1 6 subclasses and 25 production,education,cultural,scientific research are constructed(Table 1). 5期 ∞ 如 乔丽芳等:m 景观规划对滩地型旅游地旅游资源类型的多样化促进分析——以郑州黄河滩地为例 0 1347 —_一Original —・ Increased + r0tal GL WS BL APCL SR BF TC HA Fig.3 Chart of changes in quantity of basic types of tourism basic types.Through landscape planning and construc— tion,the tourism resources of it now consists of 8 main classes,25 subclasses and 68 basic types,which have increased by 14%.56%and 172%respectively.The increase in landscape,water landscape,biological land— scape,weather and climate landscape,relics sites, buildings and facili∞∞∞加∞∞∞∞如O ties,tourism,commodities and cul— tural activities accounts for 20%,33%,45%,67%, 0%,80%,l0O%,80%of the total resources after planning respectively(Figure 3).The increases in the basic types of landscape,water landscape,biological landscape,and weather and climate landscape are rela— tively small,which can be increased by potential ex— ploitation,while the resources of the buildings and fa— cilities,tourism,commodities and cultural activities, which are influenced a little by the nature and history, are easy for artificial construction.The proportions of the main classes,subclasses and basic types of Yellow River floodplain tourism resources to the whole countyr have increased from 87.5%,51.6%,16.1%to 100 %.76%and 43.9%respectively after the landscape planning.at the increasing ratio of 12.5%、24.4% 口Before 口AfIer 皿T0tal Main classes Subclasses Baslc types Fig.4 Chan of changes in quantity of basic types of tourism re- sources before and after the landscape planning and 27.8%(Figure 4).The Yellow River floodplain of Zhengzhou city becomes a tourist destination having power of influence in the area coverage based OD land— scape planning・ Reforences: [1】Pengj andWangY L.A study on shoalylandin China[j].Acta Sci— centiarum Natural Univemitys Pekinesis。2000,36(6):882—839. 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