外文翻译

1、英文资料

The development trend of CAD / CAE / CAM in the mold 1、 Die CAD / CAE's basic concept

CAD: (Computer Aided Design) is the use of computer hardware and software systems supporting the people of product or project design, graphics, engineering analysis and design of technical documentation and other activities collectively, is a comprehensive technology.

CAE: (Computer Aided Engineering) is computer-aided engineering, mechanical calculation is based on modern, computer simulation as a means of engineering analysis technology, is optimized to achieve the main support die module. For die CAE speaking, the present limited to the numerical simulation, die in the future the work of state and conduct mock operation, early detection of design flaws.

2、CAD / CAE technology development process 3

2.1 CAD technology development (1) 50 in the late 20th century to the early 1970s, this stage of the initial stage - wire-frame modeling technology. (2) the early 1970s to the early 1980s, this stage is the first CAD technology revolution - surface (surface) modeling technology. (3) the early 1980s to the mid-1980s, this is the second stage of CAD technology revolution - solid modeling stage. (4) the mid-1980s to the early 1990s, this stage is the third time CAD technology revolution - Parametric Technology. Parametric design using geometric constraints, engineering equation and relations between the product model to define the shape of features, which is part of the characteristics of the various constraints imposed various forms so as to meet the design in the shape of a group or have similar functions of the design Programme. At present the geometric constraints to deal with the type of product is basically the geometric shape public entities that relations between the size and dimensions of relations between the project, the parameters of technology, also known as the geometric dimensions drive technology. 20 since the early 1990s, this stage is the fourth time CAD technology revolution - variable technology. Variable design (Variational Design) is bound by solving a set of equations to determine the size and shape of products. Constraint equations can be geometric, it can also be a condition of calculation. Bound by the results of the modified driven by the constraint equations. Variables technology while maintaining the original parameters of the advantages (such as feature-based, full-size constraints, all data related to the size of drive to amend the design, etc.), but also to overcome its many disadvantages (such as surface entities to solve problems ). Variable application of technology representative of the software is SDRC / I-DEAS. 3、 CAE technology development process

(1) in the 20th century, 60 to 70 years in the exploration stage, finite element analysis for major technical issues of development, to address the aviation and aerospace technology development encountered in the process of structural strength, stiffness and simulation experiments and analysis. (2) the 20th century is 70 to 80 in the period of vigorous development of CAE, a large number of machinery software, soft-focused on the development of accuracy, speed and hardware platform for the match, the effective use of computer memory and disk space on the use of And finite element analysis of market structure and technology in the field of access to a lot of success. (3) 20 CAE technology in the 1990s gradually mature growth, the development of software to the CAD software interface and enhanced software for the home before and after handling capacity of

direction.

Currently, CAE software system is a feature common with the integrated use of CAD software, that is, using CAD software components to complete assembly of parts or design, automatically generate finite element mesh and computing or structural dynamics, such as kinematics In the calculation, if the calculation of the results do not meet design requirements, revise modeling and calculation, to meet demand until the date, thus greatly enhancing the design and efficiency. 4、CAD / CAE technology development trends

In recent years the software developers around the world has invested enormous human and material resources, for the characteristics of various molds, a common CAD / CAM system of industry-specific mold for the system, and achieved great results. Have been put into use in the United States UGS's Progressive Die Design System NX-PDW, plastic injection mould design system Mold Wizard, Israel Cimatron's mold design and manufacturing system Quick, the United Kingdom DELCAM company's plastic mould design and manufacturing systems PS-Moldmaker , France Misslel software company's software for Injection Mould and Top Mold Progressive Die special software Top Progress, Japan UNISYS Corporation plastic mould design and manufacturing systems, such as CADCEUS. The technical characteristics of such software is in the unified system environment, the use of a unified database, to complete the design of a particular mold. NX-PDW initial realization of the mold parts of the structure of association, CADCEUS the characteristics of 2D and 3D design view of the linkage, PS-Moldmaker to the processing of information automatically package, these features make the software more pleasant. At present, some software developers have been able according to the actual production process of functional products, in the network system under CAD / CAE / CAM integration, to solve the traditional hybrid CAD / CAM system can not meet the actual production process collaboration division of the requirements . DELCAM companies such as the United Kingdom in the original software DUCT5 on the basis of the latest software to adapt to the development of industrial production and the actual launch of the CAD / CAM integrated system Delcam's Power Solution, the system covers the geometric modeling, reverse engineering, industrial design, engineering Mapping, simulation, rapid prototyping, data programming, measurement and analysis and other fields. System of each module can operate independently, but also through the data interface compatible with other systems, and to require the use of the combination, in order to develop specialized CAD / CAE / CAM system, to open, compatibility And the unity of specialization. It can be expected, Die CAD / CAE / CAM system in the next few years will be gradually developed to support the design, analysis, management of the entire process of processing the product of the integrated management information system.

At this stage, die design and manufacture a large extent, still rely on the experience of the workers die alone computer numerical functions such as mold to complete the design of choice, process parameters and optimize the structure of the mold, molding defects in the diagnosis and die Forming the evaluation of performance is unrealistic. Mold a new generation of CAD / CAE / CAM system is using KBE (Knowledge-based engineering) technology for the transformation completely. UG-II as provided in the artificial intelligence module KF (Knowledge Fusion). KF use of knowledge can be designed into systems for pattern recognition and reasoning.

Numerical computation and artificial intelligence technology will be the combination for quite a long time, a very arduous and important task. Traditional simulation software are basically passive calculation tools, before the needs of users in advance of forming the design parameters of

the programme and the identification process, the results are often difficult to directly used to guide production, in large measure the impact of simulation software and the promotion of universal,

Plastic injection mould CAD / CAE / CAM Development of

Plastic injection mould CAD / CAM is accompanied by a common mechanical CAD / CAM technology development and constantly deepening. From the 1960s on wire-frame model of the CAD system, to the 1970s to surface modeling as the core of the CAD / CAM system, 80 of the entity modeling the successful application of the 1990s, based on the characteristics of the parameters of the entities / surface modeling technology Perfect, plastic injection mould used for CAD / CAE / CAM technology to provide a reliable guarantee. At present overseas markets have emerged in a number of successful application of plastic injection mould of CAD / CAE / CAM system.

Now the commercialization of some well-known three-dimensional modeling software have a separate injection mould design modules, such as the United States PTC's Pro / E, UGS's UG-II, SDRC's I-DEAS system. The three CAD / CAM system is currently in the plastic mold industry in the most widely used. There is also the U.S. CV's CADDS system, France MATRA's EUCLID, France DASSAULT company's CATIA, the British company's DUCT DELCAM system, the Japanese shipbuilding Information Systems Inc. of Space-E system, and Japan UNISYS Corporation CADCEUS system And so unique, have their own user base.

CAE plastic injection mould the development of technology is also very rapidly, from the 1960s and the one-dimensional flow to the cooling of the two-dimensional movement of the 1970s and 1990s and then to the cooling of the quasi-three-dimensional flow and cooling analysis, the scope of its application has been extended To the packing of fiber orientation and warping elements in areas such as forecasts and the effectiveness of Chaplin.

Plastic injection molding CAE commercialization of software applications in the most extensive when the number of U.S. companies Moldflow simulation software MF, the main flow simulation software (MF / FLOW), cooling analysis (MF / COOL), warpage analysis (MF / WARP) , Gas-assisted analysis (MF / GAS) and stress analysis (MF / STRESS), and so on. The company was launched in 1998-the double-sided flow of 3D software (Part Adviser), 2002 launch of the true three-dimensional entities flow software modules

2翻译议文

CAD/CAE/CAM在模具中的的发展趋势 1、 模具CAD/CAE的基本概念

CAD：（Computer Aided Design）是利用计算机硬、软件系统辅助人们对产品或工程进行总体设计、绘图、工程分析与技术文档等设计活动的总称，是一项综合性技术。

CAE：(Computer Aided Engineering)即计算机辅助工程技术，是以现代计算力学为基础，以计算机仿真为手段的工程分析技术，是实现模具优化的主要支持模块。对于模具CAE来讲，目前局限于数值模拟方法，对未来模具的工作状态和运行行为进行模拟，及早发现设计缺陷。

2、CAD/CAE技术的发展过程3

2.1 CAD技术的发展过程（1）20世纪50年代后期至70年代初期，此阶段为初级阶段

——线框造型技术。（2）20世纪70年代初期至80年代初，此阶段是第一次CAD技术革命——曲面（表面）造型技术。（3）20世纪80年代初期至80年代中期，此阶段是第二次CAD技术革命——实体造型阶段。（4）20世纪80年代中期至90年代初期，此阶段是第三次CAD技术革命——参数化技术。参数化设计是用几何约束、工程方程与关系来定义产品模型的形状特征，也就是对零件上的各种特征施加各种约束形式，从而达到设计一组在形状或功能上具有相似性的设计方案。目前能处理的几何约束类型基本上是组成产品形体的几何实体公称尺寸关系和尺寸之间的工程关系，故参数化技术又称为尺寸驱动几何技术。（5）20世纪90年代初期至今，此阶段是第四次CAD技术革命——变量化技术。变量化设计（Variational Design）是通过求解一组约束方程组，来确定产品的尺寸和形状。约束方程组可以是几何关系，也可以是工程计算条件。约束结果的修改受到约束方程驱动。变量化技术既保持了参数化原有的优点（如基于特征、全尺寸约束、全数据相关、尺寸驱动设计修改等），同时又克服了它的许多不利之处（如解决实体曲面问题等）。应用变量化技术具有代表性的软件是SDRC/I-DEAS。 ! k8 M- X7 U% O K 3、CAE技术的发展过程

（1）在20世纪60～70年代处于探索阶段，有限元技术主要针对结构分析问题进行发展，以解决航空航天技术发展过程中遇到的结构强度、刚度以及模拟实验和分析。（2）20世纪70～80年代是CAE技术蓬勃发展时期，出现了大量的机械软件，软机的开发主要集中在计算精度、硬件及速度平台的匹配、计算机内存的有效利用以及磁盘空间利用上，而且有限元分析技术在结构和场分析领域获得了很大的成功。（3）20世纪90年代CAE技术逐渐成熟壮大，软件的发展向各CAD软件的专用接口和增强软件的前后置处理能力方向发展。目前，CAE软件系统的一个特点是与通用CAD软件的集成使用，即在用CAD软件完成零件或装配部件的造型设计后，自动生成有限元网格并进行计算或进行结构动力学、运动学等方面的计算，如果分析计算的结果不符合设计要求则重新修改造型和计算，直到满足要求为止，极大地提高了设计水平和效率。 4、CAD/CAE技术的发展趋势

近几年来世界各国的软件开发商投入了巨大的人力和物力，针对各类模具的特点，将通用的CAD/CAM系统改造为模具行业专用的系统，取得了较大成效。已投入使用的有美国UGS公司的级进模设计系统NX -PDW、塑料注射模设计系统Mold Wizard、以色列Cimatron公司的模具设计和制造系统Quick、英国DELCAM公司的塑料模设计和制造系统PS-Moldmaker、法国 Misslel software公司的注射模专用软件Top Mold和级进模专用软件 Top Progress、日本UNISYS株式会社的塑料模设计和制造系统CADCEUS等。这些软件的技术特点是能在统一的系统环境下，使用统一的数据库，完成特定模具的设计。NX-PDW初步实现了模具零件的结构关联, CADCEUS的特色在于三维设计与二维视图的联动，PS-Moldmaker 做到了加工信息的自动封装，这些特点使得专业软件更加宜人化。 目前，一些软件开发商已能按实际生产过程中的功能划分产品系列，在网络系统下实现

CAD/CAE/CAM的一体化，解决传统混合型 CAD/CAM系统无法满足实际生产过程分工协作的要求。例如英国DELCAM公司在原有软件DUCT5的基础上，为适应最新软件发展及工业生产实际推出了CAD/CAM集成化系统Delcam’s Power Solution，该系统覆盖了几何建模、逆向工程、工业设计、工程制图、仿真分析、快速原型、数据编程、测量分析等各个领域。系统的每个功能模块既可独立运行，又可通过数据接口与其它系统相兼容，并能按使用要求进行组合，以便形成专业化的CAD/CAE/CAM系统，做到开放性、兼容性和专业化的统一。可以预计，模具 CAD/CAE/CAM系统在今后几年内将会逐步发展为支持从设计、分析、管理到加工全过程的产品信息管理的集成化系统。

现阶段，模具设计和制造在很大程度上仍然依靠着模具工作者的经验，仅凭计算机的数值计算功能去完成诸如模具设计方案的选择、工艺参数与模具结构的优化、成型缺陷的诊断以及模具成形性能的评价是不现实的。新一代模具CAD/CAE/CAM系统正在利用KBE（基于知识的工程）技术进行脱胎换骨的改造。如UG-II中所提供的人工智能模块KF（Knowledge Fusion）。利用KF可将设计知识融入系统之中，以便进行图形识别与推理。 数值计算和人工智能技术的结合将是今后相当长时间内一件十分艰巨而重要的工作。传统的模拟软件基本上都是被动式计算工具，分析前需要用户事先设计成形方案和确定工艺参数，分析结果常常难于直接用来指导生产，这在很大程度上影响了模拟软件的推广和普及， 塑料注射模CAD/CAE/CAM的发展概况

塑料注射模CAD/CAM是伴随着通用机械CAD/CAM技术发展而不断深化的。从上世纪60年代基于线框模型的CAD系统开始, 到70年代以曲面造型为核心的CAD/CAM系统，80年代实体造型技术的成功应用，90年代基于特徵的参数化实体/曲面造型技术的完善，为塑料注射模采用 CAD/CAE/CAM技术提供了可靠的保证。目前在外巿场已涌现出一批成功应用于塑料注射模的CAD/CAE/CAM系统。

现在一些著名的商品化三维造型软件都带有独立的注射模设计模块，如美国PTC公司的Pro/E、UGS公司的UG-II、SDRC公司的I- DEAS系统。这三个CAD/CAM系统目前在塑料模具工业中的应用最为广泛。此外还有美国CV公司的CADDS系统、法国MATRA公司的EUCLID 系统、法国 DASSAULT公司的CATIA系统、英国DELCAM公司的DUCT系统、日本造船信息系统株式会社的Space-E系统和日本UNISYS株式会社的CADCEUS系统等都各具特色，拥有各自的用户群。

塑料注射模CAE技术的发展也十分迅速，从上世纪60年代的一维流动和冷却分析到70年代的二维流动和冷却分析再到90年代的准三维流动和冷却分析，其应用范围已扩展到保压分析、纤维分子取向和翘曲预测等领域并且成效卓着。

塑料注射成型CAE商品化软件中应用最广泛的当数美国Moldflow公司的模拟软件MF，该软件主要包括流动模拟（MF/FLOW）、冷却分析（MF/COOL）、翘曲分析（MF/WARP）、气辅分析(MF/GAS)和应力分析（MF/STRESS）等。该公司于1998年推出准三维的双面流软件（Part Adviser），2002年推出真三维的实体流软件模块。